Sentences with phrase «in upper atmosphere temperatures»

Not exact matches

Hmm, so you're telling me that a «heat shield» that was made of «special plastic» (as NASA called it back in the day), which was nothing but epoxy smeared over a ss honey comb «protected» the astros barreling into the upper atmosphere at hypersonic 5 miles / sec, or well over 30 times the velocity of a jumbo - jet and thru temperatures *** as quoted by NASA *** that are «10 times hotter than the surface of the sun», and then they «braked» with only a parachute to a safe splashdown?

While the temperatures will be cold and the lakes warm, the amount of snow will be limited by the direction of the wind and relatively dry air in the upper atmosphere.

In general, the observed temperature is the highest in the vicinity of the equatorial trough; it is the lowest in the upper atmosphere above poleIn general, the observed temperature is the highest in the vicinity of the equatorial trough; it is the lowest in the upper atmosphere above polein the vicinity of the equatorial trough; it is the lowest in the upper atmosphere above polein the upper atmosphere above poles.

In this respect, the phenomenon more closely resembles Earth's Arctic vortices — seasonal cyclones that appear above the poles and are driven by temperature gradients in the upper atmospherIn this respect, the phenomenon more closely resembles Earth's Arctic vortices — seasonal cyclones that appear above the poles and are driven by temperature gradients in the upper atmospherin the upper atmosphere.

Reanalyzing the satellite temperature measurements, Quiang Fu of the University of Washington and his colleagues concluded that a cooling in the upper atmosphere had been masking what is in fact a large warming of the lower atmosphere.

These are, respectively, the upper «safe» concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and the upper «safe» limit of average global temperature increase.

(Such low air temperatures encourage the formation of icy clouds in the upper atmosphere known as polar stratospheric clouds, which foster the chemical reactions that turn harmless chlorine compounds into ozone eradicators.)

Solar storms can cause dramatic change in the temperatures of the upper atmosphere, including the ionosphere, which ranges from about 30 miles in altitude to about 600 miles high — the edge of space.

In the end, the greater the difference between the temperature of the sea and that of the upper atmosphere, the more powerful the storm.

They found increases in sea surface temperature and upper ocean heat content made the ocean more conducive to tropical cyclone intensification, while enhanced convective instability made the atmosphere more favorable for the growth of these storms.

In the upper atmosphere of this «hot Jupiter» sits a layer of titanium oxide, which has flipped the usual atmospheric temperature structure on its head.

They were able to map the mean temperature and density of Jupiter's atmosphere over several years, which revealed the presence of a dark «cooler» area in the hot environment of Jupiter's upper atmosphere.

This recent slower warming in the upper ocean is closely related to the slower warming of the global surface temperature, because the temperature of the overlaying atmosphere is strongly coupled to the temperature of the ocean surface.

In any event, it is the predictable long term growth in temperature in the system consisting of atmosphere and upper ocean — which has no long term chaos in its climate — which provides the setting for any such surpriseIn any event, it is the predictable long term growth in temperature in the system consisting of atmosphere and upper ocean — which has no long term chaos in its climate — which provides the setting for any such surprisein temperature in the system consisting of atmosphere and upper ocean — which has no long term chaos in its climate — which provides the setting for any such surprisein the system consisting of atmosphere and upper ocean — which has no long term chaos in its climate — which provides the setting for any such surprisein its climate — which provides the setting for any such surprises.

The fact that the mesosphere / thermosphere cools with higher CO2 (where the temperature declines in the mesosphere), and indeed that the high atmosphere of Venus is even colder than Earth, should also be independent validation that ozone is not a pre-requisite for upper atmosphere cooling.

The upper atmosphere has a small heat capacity and reaches equilibrium temperature in considerably under a year; this feeds back on the forcing of the trosphere + surface, which are generally convectively coupled with the ocean (strongly with the upper ocean) and take a number of years to reach equilibrium.

AT sufficiently short wavelengths, the temperature of the upper atmosphere and near TOA would have to be a sizable fraction of the surface temperature in order for the Planck function for higher levels to be a small fraction of the that at the surface (example: at 5 microns, relative to T = 250 K and the Planck function at 250 K, a 20 % reduction in temperature reduces the Planck function by about 94.4 %).

- temperature sensors on satellites report much less warming in the upper atmosphere (which the theory of global warming predicts should warm first) than is reported by temperature sensors on the ground.

This simple radiative example (convective transport is not being allowed) shows that any finite surface temperature Ts can be supported in radiative equilibrium with any arbitrarily cold «upper atmosphere» temperature Tt, by prescribing the appropriate LW opacity TAU for the atmospheric layer, with the energy required to maintain a fixed Ts adjusted accordingly.

With no ozone, the atmospheric temperature would decrease monotonically, and we would instead have to speak of cooling of the «upper atmosphere» in conjunction with the surface warming due to increasing GHGs.

Regarding your most recent comment, I believe you are making the same mistake you made earlier by confusing Tt with the temperature of the upper atmosphere (without ozone, it would be hard to call it a «stratosphere» so I'll use that term in quotes).

In that optic, is the cooling of the upper Atmosphere sufficient to counterbalance the warming of the troposphere, or is it necessary to investigate variations in the ocean temperaturIn that optic, is the cooling of the upper Atmosphere sufficient to counterbalance the warming of the troposphere, or is it necessary to investigate variations in the ocean temperaturin the ocean temperature?

What takes place at lower altitudes affects the relative temperatures in the atmosphere and on the surface, but as a whole the increased temperatures at a fixed height of the upper troposphere lead also to a warmer lower troposphere and surface.

However, in cooler temperatures, the water vapor in the planet's upper atmosphere blocks the light of specific wavelengths which come from deeper layers towards space.

Ergo, there must be a negative Temperature gradient in the atmosphere to get «heat energy» to propagate from the surface to the upper reaches of the atmosphere.

Senator and presidential candidate Ted Cruz recently organized a Senate hearing on the temperature record in which he called upon carefully selected witnesses to testify that calculations of temperature made by satellite observations of the upper atmosphere are superior to measurements made by thermometers at the Earth's surface.

Most certainly, however since we are in an inverted lapse rate at sea compared to the atmosphere the upper layers will not warm / thermal diffuse the lower layers due to a density problem induced by the temperature differences, hence the uppermost molecules will be agitated the most, which will lead to... evaporation.

Year - to - year variability, however, is determined mostly by temperature variations in the upper atmosphere.

A third example would be the research on how incoming solar irradiance influences China's thermometer temperature records, showing that over periods of many decades the variations in total solar irradiance in the upper atmosphere are matched by variations at the surface.

As I understand it, areas of the Planet such as the atmosphere, upper ocean, deep ocean etc. should, in a perfect (ly mixed) world increase in temperature uniformily (i.e. in step with each other).

Would a drop in temperature of the upper atmosphere of say 500 °F have no effect on surface temperatures or atmospheric circulation patterns?

Extratropical cyclones (ETCs) intensify due to three vertically interacting positive potential vorticity anomalies that are associated with warm temperature anomalies at the surface, condensational heating in the lower - level atmosphere, and stratospheric intrusion in the upper - level atmosphere.

There is a heat flow from the surface to the upper atmosphere, largely in the form of convection currents, driven by the temperature gradient, to replace the lost heat and maintain equilibrium.

Tom Vonk is correct when he says that the following statements are over-simplifications and need corrections (in caps): «CO2 absorbs AND EMITS the outgoing infrared energy and warms the atmosphere TO A HIGHER TEMPERATURE THAN IT WOULD HAVE WITHOUT CO2» — or — «CO2 traps part of the infrared radiation between ground and the upper part of the atmosphere» AND IS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF INFRARED RADIATION FROM THE UPPER ATMOSPHEREatmosphere TO A HIGHER TEMPERATURE THAN IT WOULD HAVE WITHOUT CO2» — or — «CO2 traps part of the infrared radiation between ground and the upper part of the atmosphere» AND IS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF INFRARED RADIATION FROM THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE TO Supper part of the atmosphere» AND IS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF INFRARED RADIATION FROM THE UPPER ATMOSPHEREatmosphere» AND IS THE MAJOR SOURCE OF INFRARED RADIATION FROM THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE TO SUPPER ATMOSPHEREATMOSPHERE TO SPACE.

First, the human - spawned ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere over the Southern Ocean has created large changes in temperature throughout the atmosphere, Le Quéré says.

(Fingerprint studies draw conclusions about human causation that can be deduced from: (a) how the Earth warms in the upper and lower atmosphere, (b) warming in the oceans, (c) night - time vs day - time temperature increases, (d) energy escaping from the upper atmosphere versus energy trapped, (e) isotopes of CO2 in the atmosphere and coral that distinguish fossil CO2 from non-fossil CO2, (f) the height of the boundary between the lower and upper atmosphere, and (g) atmospheric oxygen levels decrease as CO2 levels increase.

The.2 ° Fahrenheit change you indicate this contradicts is in reference to «global temperature» which takes into account Land, Sea, upper atmosphere and the heat absorbed by the melting of land ice.

And if, Jelbring's proposed thickness of the atmosphere involved, is greater than, the gas won't even be in contact with the upper surface anyway, it will be strictly confined to a height less than because that is the height where the absolute temperature, concentration, and pressure of the lapsed gas reaches zero.

His non-GHG atmosphere permits the lower surface to constantly radiate to the upper surface until the two have identical temperatures in a textbook blackbody radiation calculation.

Cold temperatures in the upper atmosphere and the lingering presence of ozone - destroying pollutants, called chlorofluorocarbons, have set the stage for what could be a record loss in protective ozone over the Arctic this spring.

The individual molecules in the upper atmosphere can indeed be very hot (high kinetic energy), but there are so few of them, their total temperature on any thermometer is very low.

If we agree with you that CO2 readings are false and surface temperature rise is false, then what about sea level rise, precipitation reduction, reduction in the temperature of the upper atmosphere, or evaporation pan reduction?

SummaryFor two years beginning in 2013, a large team led by Sanjay Limaye set out to combine and compare the following: Venusian atmospheric data collected by probes in the 1970s and 1980s (used to create the Venus International Reference Atmosphere, or VIRA) Venus Express data on the vertical and horizontal structure of the atmosphereEarth - based observations of the upper atmosphere temperature structure of Venus made since VIRAFigure 1a: Vertical coverage of post-VIRA atmospheric structure Atmosphere, or VIRA) Venus Express data on the vertical and horizontal structure of the atmosphereEarth - based observations of the upper atmosphere temperature structure of Venus made since VIRAFigure 1a: Vertical coverage of post-VIRA atmospheric structure atmosphere temperature structure of Venus made since VIRAFigure 1a: Vertical coverage of post-VIRA atmospheric structure experi....

The lower thermospheric temperatures, as a consequence of an unusually long minimum in solar extreme - ultraviolet flux, not only decreased density, but the contraction of the upper atmosphere also lowered the height of the peak of the ionospheric F - layer.

Global warming refers to an increase in the average temperature of the Earth as a result of the greenhouse effect, in which gases in the upper atmosphere trap solar radiation close to the planet's surface instead of allowing it to dissipate into space.

This is because ultimately it is the temperature differences between the ocean surface and the upper atmosphere that causes the amount of water vapour that ends up producing the heat energy in the upper atmosphere that in turn causes the instability.

While Earth's lower atmosphere is about one percent water vapor (although it seems much higher in the humid Louisiana summers), the upper atmosphere, where ultraviolet radiation can penetrate, is very dry: a cold trap, a combination of pressure and temperature, prevents water vapor from rising high in the earth's atmosphere.

Satellites do, however, provide valuable estimates of the temperature in the upper atmosphere and they deliver global coverage, with only small gaps at the poles.

In February 2016, Carl Mears and colleague Frank Wentz published a peer - reviewed paper that adjusted upwards the satellite - derived temperatures for the upper atmosphere since 1998 by as much as 0.2 of a degree Celsius.

The dependence is complicated, but the bottom line is the jet stream is weaker when there's less ozone (it has to do with latitude - dependent temperature gradients across the upper atmosphere; those gradients are strong in winter and weak in summer).