Climatology was aware of this decades ago as it became aware of changing variability, especially of mid-latitude weather, with changes
in upper level winds.
Not exact matches
Water vapor seen at these infrared wavelengths is
in the
upper and middle
levels of the troposphere, where the
winds are ruled by large - scale air masses.
The CTD sections show that the deeper layers are also warmer and slightly saltier and the observed sea
level can be explained by steric expansion over the
upper 2000 m. ENSO variability impacts on the northern part of the section, and a simple Sverdrup transport model shows how large - scale changes
in the
wind forcing, related to the Southern Annular Mode, may contribute to the deeper warming to the south.
These fast - moving bands of
winds are found
in the
upper levels of the atmosphere and are created due to Earth's rotation, and its air being warmed up by solar radiation.
Light and variable
upper -
level winds in the vicinity of the storm are expected to remain light for the next few days, suggesting the system will meander
in south Texas at least through Monday.
I made the connection, because some months ago, don't remember where, I read that strong «
upper level winds» can actually,
in some cases, intensify a thunderstorm, by increasing the strength of the updrafts within the cell.
Tornadoes require strong
upper level winds, up to three miles above the ground, to contrast with slower currents near ground
level in what's called
wind shear.
Extreme cold
in the descending center low pressure of the lobe with potentially extreme warmth on the ascending side of course, with the lobes guiding the
upper level winds.
In recent days, this area of low pressure has actually sagged to the southwest, which in turn has turned upper level winds more northwesterly than westerly over Main
In recent days, this area of low pressure has actually sagged to the southwest, which
in turn has turned upper level winds more northwesterly than westerly over Main
in turn has turned
upper level winds more northwesterly than westerly over Maine.
However, it must be borne
in mind that the MOC can also include shallower,
wind - driven overturning cells such as occur
in the
upper ocean
in the tropics and subtropics,
in which warm (light) waters moving poleward are transformed to slightly denser waters and subducted equatorward at deeper
levels.
back to the horizontal gradient, if the
upper tropospheric thermal
wind shear increase is greater than the decrease of the lower layer, then maybe the overall baroclinic instability would be stronger — but currently the
upper level eddy circulations do not transport much heat poleward, so would the structure of cyclones change so that a deeper layer of air is involved
in the thermal advection, compensating for a weaker temperature gradient?
Two effects are identified that each contribute to a slower eastward progression of Rossby waves
in the
upper -
level flow: 1) weakened zonal
winds, and 2) increased wave amplitude.
As seen
in the height / time plot shown above, these alternating
winds first appear with a given sign at
upper levels and then descend more or less regularly before stalling and decaying near the tropopause.