Sentences with phrase «in upper ocean»

In this case, the researchers compared average heat energy in the upper ocean in the Gulf of Mexico for August 1 - 20 (just before Harvey) with September 1 - 20.

It showed the daily cycle of temperature in the upper ocean:

As a result, heat accumulates in the upper ocean.

While surface melt is likely to reach a maximum in August, bottom melt has just gotten underway at all the sites and is expected to continue beyond the date of the September minimum ice extent, as a result of storage of solar heat in the upper ocean.

This warming could offset some of a recently reported slowdown in the upper ocean's warming rate.

However, it must be borne in mind that the MOC can also include shallower, wind - driven overturning cells such as occur in the upper ocean in the tropics and subtropics, in which warm (light) waters moving poleward are transformed to slightly denser waters and subducted equatorward at deeper levels.

The observed absence of heat accumulation (of Joules) in the upper ocean (and in the troposphere) for the last four years means that there has been NO global warming in these climate metrics during this time period.

The argument that this change it is somehow driven by energy reservoirs in the deep ocean is clearly flawed: the deep ocean would be * cooling * as it lost energy to the upper ocean, but deep ocean heat content is increasing at the same time as OHC in the upper ocean is increasing.

Once energy is in the upper ocean it can move around by convection or be moved by Ekman pumping and subsurface currents, BUT The key point is the existence of the ocean surface skin layer and its unusual properties.

As MJO convection develops, windy conditions at the surface mix these layers and transfer energy stored in the upper ocean to the atmosphere.

According to the World Climate Report (IPCC), more than 80 % of the heat that Earth has additionally absorbed thus far due to the altered greenhouse effect is stored in the upper ocean layers down to a depth of 1 500 metres.

Solar radiation absorbed in the upper ocean provided more than adequate heat for this melting.

Published estimates of anthropogenic CO2 now stored in the upper ocean layers and affecting pH has been based on «the assumption that ocean circulation and the biological pump have operated in a steady state since preindustrial times» (Sabine 2010).

The typical concentration of methane in the upper ocean surface is about 3 nM.

Notice the heating is in the upper ocean, scienceofdoom has 4 posts with the last being the mist interesting, from several years ago also.If there is large amounts of heat being retained in the upper surface of the ocean then this warmer surface must heat the atmosphere, the ocean physics imply greater lower atmosphere heat.

«Since 2002, as shown in the lower tropospheric plot and in the upper ocean data, little of that heat has accumulated there.

What Jo is referring to is the fact that the models (GISS ModelE in particular) predicted far more heat in the upper ocean than has been observed: -

Slow variations in upper ocean heat content that have been observed in the subpolar and marginal ice zone regions of the Atlantic since the mid-twentieth century are thought to be related to changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC).

As energy accumulates in the upper ocean it is being transferred (mixed) down into the deeper ocean.

«If you aren't measuring heat content in the upper ocean, you aren't measuring global warming.»

With more heat in the upper ocean, autumn ice growth is delayed.

More broadly, variations in the attenuation of visible radiation in the upper ocean, which directly relates to changes in ZSD, alter local heating and, consequently, have an effect on the thermal and fluid dynamical processes for the ocean - atmosphere system.

New Dutch research has shown for instance the overturning has been relatively weak in recent years [which means cold water has accumulated close to the surface instead of sinking to deeper waters, one of two reasons why there has been a lull in upper ocean warming].

The process of evaporation also requires energy from heat, and the warmer the temperatures are in the upper ocean and at the ocean surface, the more energy is available.

These observations improve the forecasts of currents in the upper ocean.

Until about 1850, there was some natural variability, as can be seen in coralline sponges (following the changes in the upper ocean layer) and ice cores (for the atmosphere).

It turns out that about two thirds remains in the upper ocean between the surface and a depth of 700 metres, while the remaining one third of that heat energy goes deeper into the ocean — between 700 and 2000 metres.»

Together, these effects explain a measured decline in the upper ocean warming of 0.02 degrees Celsius since 2003, say climate researchers of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute KNMI.

But until now, scientists were not sure how the heat energy in the upper ocean had changed in recent decades or what ocean warming meant for the Earth's energy balance.

This means — as the NCAR model shows — that during hiatus periods the deep ocean could warm 18 percent more, simultaneous with 60 percent less warming in the upper ocean.

Nor do I believe we know that CO2 has increased in the upper ocean globally over the last 100 years.

Looks like the decline began about 2004, as the solar activity decline began to show itself in the upper ocean layers.

This conclusion is strengthened by detection of anthropogenic change in the upper ocean with high significance level [9.4.1.2, 9.4.1.4, 9.5.1.1, 9.3.3.2, 9.7][WG1]

Less well understood by the scientific communities interested in hurricanes — from their basic physics to improved forecasts — and the processes controlling key physical and biological variables in the upper ocean, are the details of coupled interactions between tropical cyclones and the ocean.

Many of the surface currents of the world oceans (i.e., the ocean «gyres» which appear as rotating horizontal current systems in the upper ocean) are driven by the wind, however, the sinking in the Arctic is related to the buoyancy forcing (effects that change either the temperature or salinity of the water, and hence its buoyancy).

The resulting increase in CO2 in the upper ocean is documented and mapped in detail by countless ship surveys and known up to a residual uncertainty of + — 20 %.

(ENSO is also a signal in the upper ocean 700m).

This is supported by historic observations (Figure 1), which shows roughly decade - long hiatus periods in upper ocean heat content during the 1960s to 1970s, and the 1980s to 1990s.

Indeed, Argo data show no warming in the upper ocean over the past four years, but this does not contradict the climate models.

But more important than agreement with computer models is the fact that four years with no warming in the upper ocean does not erase the 50 years of warming we've seen since ocean temperature measurements became widespread....

Moreover (and I am surprised that Marlon Lewis didn't bring this out) the loss of chl (were it real) would decrease the rate of warming in the upper ocean.

of anthropogenic CO2 releases that have been taken out of the atmosphere (over and above the amount taken out of the atmosphere that balances the natural additions to the atmosphere), perhaps mainly as a direct biogeochemical feedback (increased CO2 favoring more rapid biological fixation of C, net flux of CO2 into water until equilibrium for the given storage of other involved chemical species in the upper ocean) fairly promptly.

To reduce the amount of carbon in the upper ocean and the atmosphere, you need to «bury» it into the deep ocean, a process that takes hundreds of years.

It most likely will increase in step with increased carbonate concentration in the upper ocean.

The shift from a multiyear to seasonal ice cover has significant implications for the heat and mass budget of the ice and for primary productivity in the upper ocean.

The other issue, which they touch on is the short record and the dominance of interannual fluctuations in the upper ocean that are not trends.

First: Roughly two thirds of the warming since 1980 occurred in the upper ocean.

There will be enhanced melting of the ice cover and an increase in the amount of sunlight available in the upper ocean.

This recent slower warming in the upper ocean is closely related to the slower warming of the global surface temperature, because the temperature of the overlaying atmosphere is strongly coupled to the temperature of the ocean surface.

Chelle is a physical oceanographer who specializes in upper ocean dynamics, air - sea interactions, and passive microwave remote sensing.