Not exact matches
Because the future composition of shrub lands and the
distribution of shrub species
in the Sierra Nevada is unknown, the researchers examined stream flows under multiple possible scenarios of
vegetation - type conversion
in two Sierra Nevada watersheds.
So if you think of going
in [a] warming direction of 2 degrees C compared to a cooling direction of 5 degrees C, one can say that we might be changing the Earth, you know, like 40 percent of the kind of change that went on between the Ice Age; and now are going back
in time and so a 2 - degree change, which is about 4 degrees F on a global average, is going to be very significant
in terms of change
in the
distribution of
vegetation, change
in the kind of climate zones
in certain areas, wind patterns can change, so where rainfall happens is going to shift.
Uncertainties
in the hydrological cycle due to land surface parameterizations can be divided into uncertainties from the spatial
distribution of
vegetation and from the model parameter values.
-- 7) Forest models for Montana that account for changes
in both climate and resulting
vegetation distribution and patterns; 8) Models that account for interactions and feedbacks
in climate - related impacts to forests (e.g., changes
in mortality from both direct increases
in warming and increased fire risk as a result of warming); 9) Systems thinking and modeling regarding climate effects on understory
vegetation and interactions with forest trees; 10) Discussion of climate effects on urban forests and impacts to cityscapes and livability; 11) Monitoring and time - series data to inform adaptive management efforts (i.e., to determine outcome of a management action and, based on that outcome, chart future course of action); 12) Detailed decision support systems to provide guidance for managing for adaptation.
Essery, R.H., and J. Pomeroy, 2004:
Vegetation and topographic control of wind - blown snow
distributions in distributed and aggregated simulations.
We call this the Charney climate sensitivity, because it is essentially the case considered by Charney (1979),
in which water vapor, clouds and sea ice were allowed to change
in response to climate change, but GHG (greenhouse gas) amounts, ice sheet area, sea level and
vegetation distributions were taken as specified boundary conditions.
The study shows that below ground conditions need to be considered to understand the
distribution of terrestrial
vegetation both historically and
in the face of future climate change.
Arora, V.K., and G.J. Boer, 2003: A representation of variable root
distribution in dynamic
vegetation models.
Climate forcing
in the LGM equilibrium state, relative to the Holocene, due to the slow feedback ice age surface properties, i.e., increased ice area, different
vegetation distribution, and continental shelf exposure, was -3.5 ± 1 W / m2 (10).
The hotel with contemporary constructions, integrated to the landscape and the nature, as an Andean village, inserted
in leafy forests with a rich biodiversity, where special care have been taken for the
vegetation distribution, specially the flowers which perfume the atmosphere, and the eucalyptuses fragrance at night.
Release of Carbon
in melting permafrost being one, and changes
in ocean temperatures and
distribution of land
vegetation and so on will clearly complicate the issue.
For example, the optical thickness of the CO2
in the atmosphere (if you see an error
in this list of things independent of climate, see below), the incident solar radiation and it's
distribution over time and space (latitude), variations
in surface albedo between ocean, rock,
vegetation, etc.).
Using pollen, phytolith, and charcoal records to identify the
distribution and composition of tropical
vegetation and fire patterns over the past 11,000 years, Dolores R. Piperno of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
in Panama and National Museum of Natural History
in Washington, DC, found evidence of widespread fire use for land - clearing by pre-Colombian populations
in Latin America.
In the Arctic, the tipping points identified in the new report, published on Friday, include: growth in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raqu
In the Arctic, the tipping points identified
in the new report, published on Friday, include: growth in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raqu
in the new report, published on Friday, include: growth
in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raqu
in vegetation on tundra, which replaces reflective snow and ice with darker
vegetation, thus absorbing more heat; higher releases of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, from the tundra as it warms; shifts
in snow distribution that warm the ocean, resulting in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raqu
in snow
distribution that warm the ocean, resulting
in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.&raqu
in altered climate patterns as far away as Asia, where the monsoon could be effected; and the collapse of some key Arctic fisheries, with knock - on effects on ocean ecosystems around the globe.»
RE: This discussed the phenomenon that bristlecones and big sagebrush were
in ecological competition and that the
vegetation distribution even marked the geological contact betweeen dolomite and sandstone
Distribution of present dominant
vegetation types according to altitude
in the Rivière Boniface area.
The amount and
distribution of above ground biomass (or the amount of carbon contained
in vegetation)
in the Amazon basin is largely unknown, making it difficult to estimate how much...
Of the seven models used
in the current study, HYBRID4 (7), JeDi (8), JULES (9), and LPJmL (10) simulated full
vegetation dynamics, whereas ORCHIDEE (11), SDGVM (12), and VISIT (13, 14) used prescribed
vegetation distributions.
Changes
in vegetation carbon residence times can cause major shifts
in the
distribution of carbon between pools, overall fluxes, and the time constants of terrestrial carbon transitions, with consequences for the land carbon balance and the associated state of ecosystems.
Indeed, the long lifetime of fossil fuel carbon
in the climate system and persistence of the ocean warming ensure that «slow» feedbacks, such as ice sheet disintegration, changes of the global
vegetation distribution, melting of permafrost, and possible release of methane from methane hydrates on continental shelves, would also have time to come into play.
States that other feedbacks likely to emerge are those
in which key processes include surface fluxes of trace gases, changes
in the
distribution of
vegetation, changes
in surface soil moisture, changes
in atmospheric water vapor arising from higher temperatures and greater areas of open ocean, impacts of Arctic freshwater fluxes on the meridional overturning circulation of the ocean, and changes
in Arctic clouds resulting from changes
in water vapor content
Uncertainties
in the hydrological cycle due to land surface parameterizations can be divided into uncertainties from the spatial
distribution of
vegetation and from the model parameter values.
The question of how
vegetation will change its
distribution at large scales and the consequent changes
in absorbed radiation is quantified through remote sensing studies.