Sentences with phrase «in vertebrate brains»

But they can be traced back in vertebrate brains from fish to frogs to rodents.

Genetic traces similar to those in vertebrate brains have been found in lowly worms, but not all scientists are convinced that complex brains were already in the works more than 500 million years ago

Not exact matches

A wide variety of vertebrates also are known to have «reward circuits» in their brains.

Scientists had long suspected that birds and mammals are the only vertebrates to experience rapid eye movement (REM), a sleep state in which the body is mostly immobile but the brain is in overdrive.

«The broad picture,» Yau says, «is that the local pupillary light reflex appeared early in primitive vertebrates such as jawless fish, even before the brain got involved.

Found in the sensory nerve cells of vertebrates, TRPM8 typically sends a sensation of cold to the brain when activated by low temperatures.

Such lateralization, corresponding to our right - and left - handedness, suggests specialization in the brain's hemispheres, which is believed to improve its efficiency and which was first considered an exclusively human, then an exclusively vertebrate, attribute.

In vertebrates, it consists of the brain and spinal cord, but in arthropods it consists of a condensed brain and a chain - like series of interconnected masses of nervous tissue called ganglia that resemble a string of beadIn vertebrates, it consists of the brain and spinal cord, but in arthropods it consists of a condensed brain and a chain - like series of interconnected masses of nervous tissue called ganglia that resemble a string of beadin arthropods it consists of a condensed brain and a chain - like series of interconnected masses of nervous tissue called ganglia that resemble a string of beads.

The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals characterized by the production of milk in females for the nourishment of young, from mammary glands present on most species and specialized skin glands in monotremes that seep or ooze milk; the presence of hair or fur; specialized teeth; three minute bones within the ear; the presence of a neocortex region in the brain; and endothermic or «warm - blooded» bodies.

That oddly textured pebble, scientists report at the Society for Vertebrate Paleontology meeting, is actually an endocast — an impression preserved in the rock — that represents the first known evidence of fossilized brain tissue of a dinosaur (likely a close relative of Iguanodon, a large, herbivorous type of dinosaur that lived about 133 million years ago).

«Larvae have relatively simple brains compared to vertebrates, which make them good candidates for study,» said corresponding author Matthieu Louis, an assistant professor in UCSB's Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology.

In the brains of all vertebrates, information is transmitted through synapses, a mechanism that allows an electric or chemical signal to be passed from one brain cell to another.

Their findings suggest that even the earliest animals had the makings of both vertebrate and invertebrate visual systems, and that some of the photoreceptor cells in the invertebrate brain were transformed through a series of steps into vertebrate eyes.

In vertebrates, a master clock is located in the awesome - sounding suprachiasmatic nucleus, a tiny region of brain cells in the hypothalamuIn vertebrates, a master clock is located in the awesome - sounding suprachiasmatic nucleus, a tiny region of brain cells in the hypothalamuin the awesome - sounding suprachiasmatic nucleus, a tiny region of brain cells in the hypothalamuin the hypothalamus.

Detlev Arendt and Joachim Wittbrodt, developmental biologists at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany, jumped into the fray after Arendt noticed some vertebrate - like photoreceptor cells in the brains of ragworms, a marine species that hasn't changed much for 500 million years.

Prior research showed that the mPOA is important for social and reproductive behavior in all vertebrate species studied from fish to human, but it has been unclear whether this area drives social motivation through circuit connections with reward systems in the brain.

In vertebrates, nerve cells called retinal ganglion cells send information from the retina to vision - processing centers in the braiIn vertebrates, nerve cells called retinal ganglion cells send information from the retina to vision - processing centers in the braiin the brain.

Cephalopod brains are elaborations of the basic invertebrate brain, and have a completely different organization than what is found in humans and other vertebrates.

... The FOXP2 gene has been around for a very long time, found in similar form in distantly related vertebrate species, and it may be important not only for brain development and function but also in other tissues.»

Like all other vertebrates, the gonads (testes and ovaries) are influenced by hormones produced by the pituitary gland, which itself is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus, a structure in the brain.

His radial unit hypothesis set the stage for our current view of the evolutionary steps involved in constructing ever more complex and sophisticated vertebrate brains.

Indeed, lipid changes in the cerebellum, a primitive part of the brain similar in all vertebrates, were comparable between humans and chimps.

The more we understand about how natural variation in the vertebrate genome shapes the development and function of the brain, the better insight we can have into how behavioral patterns evolve, and how disruption to neurogenetic pathways can lead to brain and behavioral dysfunction.

«It was exciting to see that half of the domestication signals in the genome point to genes that have to do with brain development and function», says professor Kerstin Lindblad - Toh, senior author and director of SciLifeLab Uppsala, and scientific director of vertebrate genome biology at the Broad Institute.

The evolution of vision in vertebrates is an important theme in the history of animal life, however, aside from the calcified lenses of fossilised arthropods, other parts of the visual system are not usually preserved in the fossil record because the soft tissue of the eye and brain decays rapidly days after death.

identify molecular, cellular, and anatomical similarities in how these molecules work across species that represent the fundamental principles through which brain neurochemistry affects social behavior in vertebrates.

Although there is obvious variation in brain organization across vertebrate species, the basic brain blueprint has remained remarkably stable for millions of years, as have the mechanistic principles associated with how it regulates various functions, including behavior.

Research on animals often fails to produce the same results in humans, though the researchers said the brain circuitry involving the reward system is similar in all vertebrates.

Noting that Spencer compared the role of Parliament to that of the «cerebral masses in a vertebrate animal,» Huxley applauded Spencer for the biological analogy, but criticized his conclusion that just as the brain «averages the interests of life, physical, intellectual, moral, social,» the appropriate sphere of government is to average the interests of various classes in society, not to do anything to improve or alter their relations.

They don't have the brain structure — a developed neocortex where pain occurs in higher vertebrates.»