Sentences with phrase «in vertebrates which»

Not exact matches

No, he killed every land vertebrate which was not on the ark: Everything on the dry land in whose nostrils was the breath of life died.

There is no such «direct» evolution: animals, bacteria, and algae have a common ancestor from which they have diverged, as can be shown by aligning and comparing amino acid sequences of proteins and nucleotide sequences of homologous ribosomal RNA molecules that are found in both bacteria and vertebrates.

This accounts for the tendency, which has been insufficiently noted, of every living phylum (insect and vertebrate) to group itself towards its latter end in socialized communities.

The discovery that each cell in a chicken can be inherently male or female is a huge departure from biological dogma, which holds that hormones control sex characteristics in vertebrates.

Scientists had long suspected that birds and mammals are the only vertebrates to experience rapid eye movement (REM), a sleep state in which the body is mostly immobile but the brain is in overdrive.

It appears the vertebrate src gene has survived long periods of evolution without major change, implying that it is important to the well - being of the species in which it persists.

Some researchers thought that these organisms, which arose after bacteria but before vertebrates, simply lost the genes in question at some point in their evolutionary history.

The researchers identified more than 1000 olfactory receptors in the soft - shell turtle, which is one of the largest numbers ever to be found in a non-mammalian vertebrate.

Insects, he says, also need less food and space than vertebrate sources of protein and therefore could replace or supplement food resources that may become scarce in the future, such as fish stocks, which a recent study indicates may collapse by 2048.

The phase of gastrulation, in which the germ layers form through invagination of the outermost cell layer, is the first great cell migration phase in the development of vertebrates.

Such lateralization, corresponding to our right - and left - handedness, suggests specialization in the brain's hemispheres, which is believed to improve its efficiency and which was first considered an exclusively human, then an exclusively vertebrate, attribute.

This gallery highlights some of their discoveries, and shows what it takes for scientists to operate in one of the least hospitable places on Earth, which, as it turns out, played a key role in the evolution and migration of the planet's vertebrates, including mammals.

Several of the network genes Volkan and her team identified have counterparts in humans and other vertebrates, which suggests the same basic mechanism could be at work in building the nervous system in other animals too.

Like modern arthropods, C. kunmingensis had a nerve cord — which is analogous to a spinal cord in vertebrates — running throughout its body, with each one of the bead - like ganglia controlling a single pair of walking legs.

The latest findings reinforce a 2016 Storz - led study published in the journal Science, which was the first to establish that vertebrate species can follow different molecular - level paths to reach the same adaptation.

A new analysis of the prehistoric origin of malaria suggests that it evolved in insects at least 100 million years ago, and the first vertebrate hosts of this disease were probably reptiles, which at that time would have included the dinosaurs.

Dr. Michael Ryan, curator of vertebrate paleontology at The Cleveland Museum of Natural History, co-authored research describing the new species, which was published May 7, 2013 in the journal Nature Communications.

What I hadn't realized is what is actually out there: a world in which all of the vertebrate fauna is avian.

The wandering cells are neural crest cells, which appear early in development in vertebrate embryos.

«This event 359 million years ago is called the Hangenberg extinction, and it nearly wiped out vertebrate life, which at the time was limited to the water,» said Lauren Sallan, an assistant professor in the U-M Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.

This is the story of one of the winners, a small, shell - crushing predatory fish called Fouldenia, which first appears in the fossil record a mere 11 million years after an extinction that wiped out more than 90 percent of the planet's vertebrate species.

Growth hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesised and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland which stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other vertebrate animals.

«Given the similarities in the molecules and the mechanisms involved in limb development in vertebrates and invertebrates, the fly is a very useful genetic model in which to identify new genes that potentially participate in limb development in vertebrates and their possible association with congenital diseases,» says Ana Ferreira, who has participated in the study.

This supports the view that teeth evolved from scales, which arose much earlier in vertebrate evolution.»

In 2014, UCSF's Nathan Young and Ralph Marcucio, working with Schneider, carried out extensive skull measurements on a variety of embryonic vertebrates and determined the point during development at which the bird face begins to diverge from those of other vertebrates.

But Iwashita warns that the experiments were only successful in very young rats, which seem to have the characteristics of much lower vertebrates, such as chickens.

While that is close to true for coelacanths, other famous «living fossils,» which have the slowest molecular evolutionary rate among vertebrates, the Lingula genome has been evolving rapidly, despite the lack of changes in appearance.

«But obviously, the fly wing and the vertebrate arm are so different that somewhere you have to start finding differences, and we have found the first: Engrailed controls Radical fringe in chicks, which it doesn't do in flies.»

«Larvae have relatively simple brains compared to vertebrates, which make them good candidates for study,» said corresponding author Matthieu Louis, an assistant professor in UCSB's Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology.

All the muscles of our faces develop from a strip of cells at the base of the embryonic head, just as they do in lampreys, which belong to one of the oldest lineages of vertebrates alive today.

The newly described species (artist's representation shown), which lived between 220 million and 230 million years ago, was one of the largest in a group of amphibians known as metoposaurs and is the first known in this region from well - preserved fossils, the researchers report online today in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.

She's now working on a new game, «Suddenly Cute,» in which players learn how small changes early in a vertebrate's embryonic development can lead to big differences in adults.

They compared 146 genes in many chordates, including hagfish and lamprey (considered the most primitive vertebrates) and larvaceans, which are sea - faring relatives of sea squirts.

In vertebrates, the axons of many neurons are sheathed in myelin, which is formed by either of two types of glial cells: Schwann cells ensheathing peripheral neurons and oligodendrocytes insulating those of the central nervous systeIn vertebrates, the axons of many neurons are sheathed in myelin, which is formed by either of two types of glial cells: Schwann cells ensheathing peripheral neurons and oligodendrocytes insulating those of the central nervous systein myelin, which is formed by either of two types of glial cells: Schwann cells ensheathing peripheral neurons and oligodendrocytes insulating those of the central nervous system.

Dunne continued: «We now know that the rainiforest collapse was crucial in paving the way for amniotes, the group which ultimately gave rise to modern mammals, reptiles and birds, to become the dominant group of land vertebrates during the Permian period and beyond.»

In 2014, Conway Morris was part of the team that discovered Metaspriggina: one of the oldest - known vertebrate fossils, perhaps over 500 million years old, which displayed hints of a gill structure, as well as the muscle arrangement of an active swimmer.

Fitch and co-authors Richard Wrangham of Harvard University and Adam Wilkins of Humboldt University in Berlin, who proposed their theory in July in Genetics, point out that these traits are controlled by so - called neural crest cells, which in vertebrate embryos form a neural tube along the spine.

The team looked at an outer surface protein of B. burgdorferi found in ticks — which can give clues about the vertebrate host — as well as the probabilities that different host species transmit the microbe during a tick bite, the number of larvae feeding on the animals, and population densities.

Criswell and Gillis decided to study spinal development in skates, which are cartilaginous fishes — a distant relative of both land vertebrates and ray - finned fishes.

The Heidelberg researchers also uncovered an initial indication that another signal path is active in the neurogenesis of sea anemones — the BMP pathway, which is instrumental for the centralization of nerve cells in vertebrates.

Prof Bentzen from Dalhousie University said: «Although this study focused on MHC genes in vertebrates, the evolutionary dynamics described in it likely apply to other gene families, for example resistance genes and those which prevent self - fertilization in plants (self - incompatibility loci) that are caught up in their own evolutionary races.»

I did field work in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, and found ample evidence in the sediment — which contained early jawless fishes, some of the oldest fragments known — for signatures of freshwater deposits, [which suggest that the earliest vertebrates originated in freshwater streams and rivers].

As far as the vertebrate / mollusk eye is concerned, intermediate, functioning stages have existed in nature, which is also an illustration of the many varieties and peculiarities of eye construction.

Yesterday, representatives from the National Park Service, which manages land on which many of the U.S.'s nearly 400 endangered vertebrate species live, visited the lab to sign an agreement with the museum to allow for storage of DNA samples from these species in the chilly facilities.

A quarry in Strud, Belgium, that was excavated between 2004 and 2015 yielded fossils of multiple species of placoderms, which are extinct, armored fish that represent some of the earliest jawed vertebrates on Earth.

Ichthyosaurs (which in Greek means «fish lizards») lived from about 248 million years ago to about 95 million years ago, says Da - Yong Jiang, a vertebrate paleontologist at Peking University in Beijing.

The last common ancestor of sharks and bony fishes probably didn't have gill arches arranged like those in modern sharks — which, in turn, suggests that the oldest known species of bony fishes can likely provide more information about the earliest jawed vertebrates (a group that today includes humans) than early chondrichthyans can, the researchers contend.

All major groups of animals — an entire kingdom of multicellular life that today includes insects, worms, shellfish, starfish, sea anemones, coral, jellyfish, and vertebrates like us — bloomed suddenly in the fossil record during an evolutionary extravaganza known as the Cambrian explosion, which occurred 530 million years ago.

Like all other vertebrates, the gonads (testes and ovaries) are influenced by hormones produced by the pituitary gland, which itself is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus, a structure in the brain.

«Vertebrates are extraordinarily diverse, however this doesn't mean that they are dissimilar in the way in which they develop.