Sentences with phrase «in volcanic gases»

Hydrogen sulfate also occurs naturally during the breakdown of organic matter in swamps and sewers; it is also present in volcanic gases, natural gas, and some well waters.

Not exact matches

You can identify volcanic basalt from its tiny pockmarks, formed by bubbles of escaping gas that froze in place when hot magma hit the cool air.

Further calculations by Catling and his team conclude that no abiotic methane sources on a rocky planet could produce enough of the gas to counteract this process — whether it is volcanic outgassing from a planet's interior, chemical reactions in hydrothermal vents, even asteroid impacts.

In 2004, Looy and her former Ph.D. advisor Henk Visscher proposed one way this might have played out, bases on fossilized abnormal plant spores found worldwide: volcanic gases — halocarbons like methyl chloride and methyl bromide — destroyed much or all of Earth's ozone layer, boosting UV - B exposure that would have affected life and potentially increased the genetic mutation rates in pollen and spores of plants worldwidIn 2004, Looy and her former Ph.D. advisor Henk Visscher proposed one way this might have played out, bases on fossilized abnormal plant spores found worldwide: volcanic gases — halocarbons like methyl chloride and methyl bromide — destroyed much or all of Earth's ozone layer, boosting UV - B exposure that would have affected life and potentially increased the genetic mutation rates in pollen and spores of plants worldwidin pollen and spores of plants worldwide.

For instance, some archaea that live in volcanic vents that emit sulfurous gases sometimes get spewed out and have to survive sans sulfur.

The entire cliff would have been deposited very quickly from a fast - moving current of hot gas and ash (a pyroclastic density current), and the extreme temperatures (900-1000 °C) caused the ash to weld to the ground and effectively enameled the area in dense volcanic glass.

«The volcanic eruption has now moved on to the next, more severe, magmatic eruption phase, where highly viscous lava can trap gases under pressure, potentially leading to an explosion,» says Mark Tingay, a geologist at the University of Adelaide in Australia.

Jacob Lowenstern, a geologist for the USGS Yellowstone Volcano Observatory who is based in Menlo Park, California, analyzes gases in recent volcanic rocks to help predict volcanic eruptions.

Scientists are now watching to see whether the volcano repeats the violent eruptions of 1963, when superheated gases and volcanic material raced down the mountain in a series of pyroclastic flows, killing more than 1000 people.

Some researchers have suggested that these gases might have been spewed out by the volcanic eruptions that produced the Siberian traps, a vast formation of volcanic rock produced by the most extensive eruptions in Earth's geological record.

«If you went back to 1850 and repeated history» — meaning the same volcanic eruptions, the same solar variability, the same greenhouse gas emissions — «the overall temperature increase would be about the same, but you would end up with somewhat different temperature records due to the inherent randomness in the climate.»

Their study also did not incorporate other important predictors for volcanic eruptions such as earthquakes and gas output — although the researchers plan to include these measurements in future studies.

The researchers say that either the increase in snow cover over Eurasia or the escalation in greenhouse gas concentration, volcanic aerosols and solar output are to blame.

Does one major volcanic eruption generate more climate - altering gas than that produced by humans in their entire history?

In 1815, the Indonesian volcano Tambora propelled more ash and volcanic gases into the atmosphere than any other eruption in history and resulted in significant atmospheric cooling on a global scale, much like Krakatau a few decades lateIn 1815, the Indonesian volcano Tambora propelled more ash and volcanic gases into the atmosphere than any other eruption in history and resulted in significant atmospheric cooling on a global scale, much like Krakatau a few decades latein history and resulted in significant atmospheric cooling on a global scale, much like Krakatau a few decades latein significant atmospheric cooling on a global scale, much like Krakatau a few decades later.

Their findings: natural influences such as changes in the amount of sunlight or volcanic eruptions did not explain the warming trends, but the results matched when increasing levels of greenhouse gas emissions were added to the mix.

Was it rock grinding on rock, ice groaning over ice, or, perhaps, hot gases and liquid rock forcing their way through cracks in a volcanic complex?

Preexisting volcanic and tectonic structures have played a key role in the development of the Aluto volcanic complex and continue to facilitate the expulsion of gases and geothermal fluids.

Researchers from the Oxford University Department of Earth Science worked in collaboration with the Universities of Exeter and Southampton to trace the global impact of major volcanic gas emissions and their link to the end of the Triassic period.

Volcanoes can be connected to each other deep underground and scientists suspected Lusi and the Arjuno - Welirang volcanic complex were somehow linked, because previous research showed some of the gas Lusi expels is typically found in magma.

Life on Earth likely emerged in the deep ocean, where simple organisms fed off toxic gas from volcanic vents.

Volcanic activity can spawn earthquakes or result in the release of steam or other gases before an eruption even occurs.

By measuring the abundance of an isotope of the noble gas argon in the rock or its crystals, Gazel and his colleague Michael Kunk of the U.S. Geological Survey found that the magma was much younger than the last known volcanic event on the East Coast — which occurred when the supercontinent of Pangaea slowly pulled apart into North America, Africa and South America some 200 million years ago, forming the Atlantic Ocean in the process.

The researchers warn, however, that the future evolution of the AMO remains uncertain, with many factors potentially affecting how it interacts with atmospheric circulation patterns, such as Arctic sea ice loss, changes in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions and concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The zircon flies out of the crust in a luminous whirlwind of hot gas and rock and is dumped in a thick layer of volcanic ash.

For the first time, this study allowed researchers to analyse the effects of the climate change on the forest nutrient cycles, and states that Pyrenean forests can register these episodes chemical mark at a global scale (for instance, volcanic eruptions in remote areas) and the effects of gas emissions into the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution.

The models, which factor in natural effects such as solar winds and volcanic eruptions, along with anthropogenic forcings like greenhouse gases and aerosols, match these precipitation variations accurately in trend and reasonably well in magnitude.

Scientists now think that massive volcanic activity, in a Large Igneous Province called the Siberian Traps, raised air and sea temperatures and released toxic amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere over a very short period of time.

So the report notes that the current «pause» in new global average temperature records since 1998 — a year that saw the second strongest El Nino on record and shattered warming records — does not reflect the long - term trend and may be explained by the oceans absorbing the majority of the extra heat trapped by greenhouse gases as well as the cooling contributions of volcanic eruptions.

Professor Sybren said: «It can be excluded, however, that this hiatus period was solely caused by changes in atmospheric forcing, either due to volcanic eruptions, more aerosols emissions in Asia, or reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

Through these vents, volcanic activity in Earth's interior releases hot gases and dissolved minerals into the ocean and heats the water to temperatures of nearly 700 degrees Fahrenheit.

Scientists hypothesize that releases of toxic volcanic gases rendered the area's air and water lethal to most life in a short time.

A 240 - foot - tall volcanic island in the South Pacific was still venting sulfur gases in December 2006, four months after it emerged from the sea.

I won't argue that our added gases may contribute to the warming to some very, very small degree, but keep in mind, the ash plume from a good volcanic eruption such as the last big Pinatubo eruption eclipses into insignificants the amount of pollutants added to the atmosphere by human activity.

Some of the gas remained trapped in crystals near the volcanic vents, which were analyzed in the WSU study by doctoral student Klarissa Davis, Michael Rowe, now at the University of Auckland, and Owen Neill, now at the University of Michigan.

In the greater NZ region, we have undersea hot springs (hydrothermal vents of the Kermadecs), marine hydrocarbon seeps and gas hydrates (offshore eastern North Island — possible analogues for oceans on Icy Worlds), and terrestrial (on land) hot springs in the Taupo Volcanic Zone and elsewhere around the countrIn the greater NZ region, we have undersea hot springs (hydrothermal vents of the Kermadecs), marine hydrocarbon seeps and gas hydrates (offshore eastern North Island — possible analogues for oceans on Icy Worlds), and terrestrial (on land) hot springs in the Taupo Volcanic Zone and elsewhere around the countrin the Taupo Volcanic Zone and elsewhere around the country.

Barnhart said the changes from dry to wet periods might have had to do with periods of greenhouse - gas outgassing associated with volcanic eruptions, large impacts, or a change in the tilt of Mars» rotation, though all that remains to be studied further.

Investigating the cause of 20th Century warming is properly done in detection and attribution studies, which analyze the various forcings (e.g., solar variations, greenhouse gases or volcanic activity) and the observed time and space patterns of climate change in detail.

Most of the lava's gases were released during the eruptions, but some of the gas remained trapped in crystals near the volcanic vents.

And finally, current theories based on greenhouse gas increases, changes in solar, volcanic, ozone, land use and aerosol forcing do a pretty good job of explaining the temperature changes over the 20th Century.

Study Suggests Component of Volcanic Gas May Have Played a Significant Role in the Origins of Life on Earth - Scientists are reporting a possible answer to a longstanding question — how did the first amino acids form the first peptides?

Robotic space probes on and around Venus measured spikes and dips in the deadly volcanic gas called sulfur dioxide.

In Earth's past the trigger for these greenhouse gas emissions was often unusually massive volcanic eruptions known as «Large Igneous Provinces,» with knock - on effects that included huge releases of CO2 and methane from organic - rich sediments.

In the past, volcanic eruptions caused by changes at plate boundaries have warmed the atmosphere by pumping out greenhouse gases.

These phenomena — sun spots, a slightly different earth orbit, a decrease in volcanic activity — intermittently warmed the region through increased radiative forcing, and recently have been joined by a new force: greenhouse gases.

In contrast, super-Earths with a similar concentration but larger absolute amount of radioactive heat sources (i.e., uranium and thorium) than Earth would produce more internal heat, more vigorous mantle convection, and faster plate tectonic action involving thinner plates, which may promote planetary habitability with lower mountain ranges but higher volcanic activity and an atmosphere with a greater relative composition of volcanic and lighter gases (Sasselov and Valencia, Scientific American, August 2010; Valencia and O'Connell, 2009; and Valencia et al, 2007).

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary - mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber Evolutionists have long used the carbon - 14, or radiocarbon, dating technique as a «hammer» to bludgeon Bible - believing Christians.

There's also the small matter of a massive drill digging a hole in Seattle that released volcanic gases that turns people into zombies.

«The volcanic eruption has now moved on to the next, more severe, magmatic eruption phase, where highly viscous lava can trap gasses under pressure, potentially leading to an explosion,» Mark Tingay, a geologist at the University of Adelaide's Australian School of Petroleum, said in a statement Monday.

There is already a comprehensive plan in place to divert flights to 10 other airports across Indonesia, should ash and volcanic gases interrupt scheduled flight plans.