Non-white children scored better on Emotional Symptoms and Conduct Problems scores, but worse on Peer Relationship Problems and Pro-social Behaviour, and results were non-significant on the Hyperactivity /
Inattention scale.
The Hyperactivity and
Inattention scale of the SDQ (Goodman 1997) was used to assess children's baseline levels of ADHD symptoms.
The hyperactivity /
inattention scale of the SDQ - T had the highest Cronbach's alpha at all age ranges (≥ 0.84).
The ASRS was originally constructed for use in adults, 52 but has also been validated for use among adolescents.53 The current study used the total score where all 18 items were added together (range = 0 — 72, ordinal α = 0.91),
the inattention scale consisting of nine items (range = 0 — 36, ordinal α = 0.89), and the hyperactivity — impulsivity scale consisting of nine items (range = 0 — 36, ordinal α = 0.84).
Not exact matches
Inattention and hyperactivity is just one of the mental health constructs covered, the others are emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems and a prosocial behaviour
scale.
I would add poor understanding of appropriate statistical methods,
inattention to
scale issues, and lack of existing, appropriate empirical data with which to test proposed models, the latter usually being beyond the control of the researcher.
Due to the ordinal and categorical nature of the response options, reliability was assessed using polychoric correlation - based version of the reliability coefficients.45 These analyses suggested satisfactory internal consistency for the SDQ total difficulties
scale (α = 0.86) and for all subscales (α emotional problems = 0.82, conduct problems = 0.71, hyperactivity —
inattention = 0.76, peer problems = 0.75 and prosocial behaviours = 0.77).
The
scales measure emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity —
inattention, peer relationship problems and prosocial behaviours (not included in the current study).
The Total Difficulties
scale represents the sum of items on the four psychopathology scales (Emotional Symptoms, Peer Relationship Problems, Conduct Problems, Hyperactivity - Inattention); BFQ - C, short form of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children; CTNI / CTNS, Connection to Nature Index / Connectedness to Nature S
scale represents the sum of items on the four psychopathology
scales (Emotional Symptoms, Peer Relationship Problems, Conduct Problems, Hyperactivity -
Inattention); BFQ - C, short form of the Big Five Questionnaire for Children; CTNI / CTNS, Connection to Nature Index / Connectedness to Nature
ScaleScale.
The questionnaire is divided into 5
scales, five questions per
scale which are hyperactivity /
inattention, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer relationship problems, and prosocial behaviour.
Parent and teacher reports of child behavior problems were obtained at ages 5, 6, and 9 years by using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).34 The SDQ is a 30 - item
scale designed to assess a number of child behavior domains, including externalizing behaviors (conduct problems and hyperactivity /
inattention) and internalizing behaviors (emotionality and peer difficulties) during the 6 months before assessment.
The
scale includes 25 questions which are used to measure five aspects of the child's development - emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity /
inattention, peer relationship problems and pro-social behaviour.
The SDQ symptom
scales contain 25 items divided into five subscales, namely Emotional Symptoms, Conduct Problems, Hyperactivity -
Inattention, Peer Problems, and Prosocial Behavior.
The SDQ symptom
scales contain 25 items divided into five subscales, namely emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity —
inattention, peer problems, and prosocial behaviour.
The SDQ consists of five
scales of five items each, generating scores for conduct problems (e.g., «Steals from home, school or elsewhere»), hyperactivity -
inattention (e.g., «Restless, overactive, can not stay still for long»), emotional symptoms (e.g., «Many worries, often seems worried»), peer problems (e.g., «Rather solitary, tends to play alone»), and prosocial behavior (e.g., «Helpful if someone is hurt, upset or feeling ill»).
F - up test follow - up test, DBDRS disruptive behavior disorder rating
scale, ARS ADHD rating
scale, MAAS mindful attention and awareness
scale, PSI parenting stress index, Inatt
inattention, H / I hyperactivity / impulsivity, ODD oppositional defiant disorder, Overreact overreactivity, Permis permissiveness
All 5 hyperactivity /
inattention items loaded onto a single component however two items had higher loadings on another component that also included the highest loadings for two conduct symptoms (tempers and fights) 1 emotional symptom item (somatic) and moderate loading for another two conduct items (obedient and argues with adults) that however loaded higher onto other
scales.
None of the self reported measures had an α > 0.70 and only the hyperactivity —
inattention subscale for the parent
scale and the hyperactivity —
inattention and the prosocial behaviour
scales for the teacher
scale reached this level.
However, an exception could possibly be made for the hyperactivity /
inattention problem
scale of the SDQ - T; this subscale demonstrated both the highest reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.88) and highest validity (Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.72) in our study.
Trial # 1 did not include the SDQ but included the five items of the
Inattention Problems
scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach and Rescorla 2000).
The DBDRS has 42 items and four subscales:
Inattention, Hyperactivity / Impulsivity, ODD, and CD and is rated on a 4 - point Likert
scale.
Standardized Cronbach's alpha coefficients (α) were computed for the SDQ
scales (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity /
inattention, peer problems, prosocial behavior) impact score and total difficulties score.
Using the self report version of the Dutch SDQ Muris et al [49] reported a four - factor solution (Emotional Symptoms, Prosocial Behaviour including positively worded items from other
scales, Hyperactivity -
Inattention and a mixed Peer Problems - Conduct Problems
scale) as the most satisfactory solution.
The DBD contains four
scales composed of the DSM - IV criteria for ADHD
Inattention, ADHD Hyperactivity / Impulsivity, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder (for psychometrics see outcome measure ADHD - symptoms).
The ADHD symptoms
scale is calculated, summarizing the ADHD
Inattention and the ADHD Hyperactivity / Impulsivity
scales, with a higher score indicating more symptoms of ADHD and was thus treated as a continuous variable.
The SDQ consists of 25 items (five domains: hyperactivity /
inattention, peer problems, conduct problems, emotional symptoms, and pro-social behaviors) that are rated by parents on a three - point
scale (Not true, Somewhat true, Certainly true).
The DBD contains four
scales composed of the DSM - IV criteria for ADHD
Inattention, ADHD Hyperactivity / Impulsivity, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder.