Sentences with phrase «include carbon dioxide and water»

These so - called greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide and water vapor, as well as ozone and methane among others.

Not exact matches

The NIST comb system was built to detect gases, including carbon dioxide, methane, and water over 2 kilometers.

Accompanying the founders of the new Mars colony would be large amounts of equipment, including machines to produce fertilizer, methane and oxygen from Mars» atmospheric nitrogen and carbon dioxide and the planet's subsurface water ice.

Previous studies, including work by Cai, have shown that acidification can be particularly serious in nutrient - rich coastal waters which often contain areas with too little oxygen and high levels of carbon dioxide near the bottom.

Cassini measured the composition of these jets, detecting raw materials for life including salt, water, carbon dioxide, methane, other organic molecules and, most recently, hydrogen, an ideal energy source for life.

Heinz Frei, director of the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, said the new facility will house some of the most cutting edge energy development work in the world, including generating fuels from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water.

Also on tap: a new generation of telescopes, including NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, which could find chemical fingerprints of oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and other molecules in the atmospheres of extrasolar planets.

Exciting discoveries included condensate clouds, hazes, extremely efficient scatterers, molecules (water, methane, and carbon - dioxide), and atoms (sodium and potassium).

The project should bring numerous environmental benefits, including reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 880 to 1111 tonnes per year, cutting chemical fertiliser use and water consumption by 20 % and increasing carbon sequestration in soil by the same amount.

These include complex oxides used in water and carbon dioxide gas splitting, solid oxide fuel cell cathodes, lithium ion batteries, and super ionic conductors.

It can be used as sustainable fertilizers and to filter a broad range of contaminants, including antibiotics, pesticide and hormones in wastewater and water, as well as to capture greenhouse and odorous gases such as carbon dioxide and ammonia.

Now, scientists at Rensselaer are turning these atmospheric assumptions on their heads with findings that prove the conditions on early Earth were simply not conducive to the formation of this type of atmosphere, but rather to an atmosphere dominated by the more oxygen - rich compounds found within our current atmosphere — including water, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.

Species that react with carbon dioxide in solution include, for example, water, carbonate, dibasic phosphate, and tribasic phosphate.

Finally, I don't want to neglect the many products that enhance the maintenance and growing of live aquatic plants, including water additives, proprietary substrates and even systems that deliver carbon dioxide into the water, a compound that plants use in respiration.

Fracking, including methane and water concerns — Environmental groups will keep the pressure on the Obama administration to more aggressively regulate methane, a greenhouse gas 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide that is the primary component of natural gas.

There are many more subtleties involved, but this essential point was almost immediately realized by John Tyndall in 1859 - 60, when he conducted a series of experiments measuring the infrared emissivity of various gases, including the two most important greenhouse gases, water vapor and carbon dioxide.

In one example, formation of dissolved carbon dioxide (e.g., HCO3 −) in an aqueous growth medium including carbonate ions can occur via the reaction of carbonate ions with water to yield bicarbonate and the reaction of carbon dioxide with hydroxide to yield bicarbonate, as shown below:

Species that react with carbon dioxide in solution include, for example, water, carbonate, dibasic phosphate, tribasic phosphate, amino acids, alkanolamines, and the like, or reaction products thereof.

Besides carbon dioxide, greenhouse gases include water vapor, methane (natural gas), nitrous oxide (from fertilizer use), and chlorine - and fluorine - containing gases used in air conditioning units and as solvents.

Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, absorb this infrared, and re-radiate it in all directions including back to Earth.»

The costs of this global ecological overspending include deforestation, drought, fresh - water scarcity, soil erosion, biodiversity loss, and the buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

In addition to rising temperatures, the report discussed a variety of «other possible effects of an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide», including melting of the Antarctic ice cap, rise of sea level, warming of sea water, increased acidity of fresh waters (which also applies to the danger of ocean acidification, global warming's evil twin), and an increase in plant photosynthesis.

The rate of heat loss to space is dependent on several factors, including cloudiness and the local atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and of water vapor.

Professor Denning's research interests include interactions between the atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere and their effects on exchange of energy, water, and carbon dioxide.

[1] Greenhouse gases, which include water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane, warm the atmosphere by efficiently absorbing thermal infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, by the atmosphere itself, and by clouds.

Heinz Frei, director of the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, said the new facility will house some of the most cutting edge energy development work in the world, including generating fuels from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water.

-- The assessment shall contain an evaluation and analysis of electricity generation facilities that are constructed in accordance with different plant designs (including different cooling technologies such as water, air, and hybrid systems, and technologies designed to minimize carbon dioxide releases) based on the fuel used by the facility, including --

These gases — which include water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and others — are called «greenhouse» gases.

Specific research topics include carbon dioxide, methane and water fluxes and their reservoirs in vegetation and soil, transport in atmosphere, and model - data fusion using advanced numerical methods.The research is based on numerical modelling, from local to global scale with focus on northern regions.

The estimate does not include «external effects such as those that take place through water, soils, noise, and other media,» nor carbon dioxide and its effect on climate change.

In the 1850s the Irish physicist John Tyndall figured out a way to actually test and measure the capacity of various gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, carbon dioxide, and ozone, to absorb and transmit radiant energy.

According to NASA, the major GHG's are: «Atmospheric gases that cause this effect include water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) and flourinated (high global warming potential gases, as well as halons).

Other projects paid for by the fund, which is sustained by a levy on energy and water bills, included a $ 20,000 grant to Dungog Shire Council to put a solar heater on its swimming pool, saving one tonne of carbon dioxide.

The atmosphere is about 800 km (500 miles) deep and is made up of 21 % oxygen, 78 % nitrogen, 0.037 % carbon dioxide, and other gases including hydrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and water vapour.

Threats to marine biodiversity in the U.S. are the same as those for most of the world: overexploitation of living resources; reduced water quality; coastal development; shipping; invasive species; rising temperature and concentrations of carbon dioxide in the surface ocean, and other changes that may be consequences of global change, including shifting currents; increased number and size of hypoxic or anoxic areas; and increased number and duration of harmful algal blooms.

Tyndall's main interest was with water vapour and its impact on radiation, but he also dealt with the radiative forcing of other greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide.

1) The fundamental «greenhouse effect» basic physics that Tyndall describes as quoted above from a century ago — some gases, including water vapor and carbon dioxide, are transparent in the human visual range, but are not transparent to a range of infrared.

The atmosphere ECV breakout group was asked to consider 10 ECVs related to observations of the atmosphere: Earth radiation budget (including solar irradiance); aerosol properties; ozone; carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases; cloud properties; precipitation; water vapor; surface wind speed and direction; upper - air wind; and upper - air temperature.

The trail was picked up again in 1931, when American physicist E.O Hulburt ran calculations to determine the effect of doubling carbon dioxide once again, and, including the added burden of water vapour, he came up with a figure of around 4 °C of warming.

But one thing all aerosols have in common is that if you are going to balance the greenhouse effect due to increasing levels of carbon dioxide, you must keep increasing the amount of aerosols — which will then increase the negative effects associated with them — including diminished agricultural output and climatic side - effects — as they will not evenly counteract the effects of increased carbon dioxide and its water vapor feedback due to evaporation.

The failure to actually reduce global emissions has meant that all possibilities are now on the table, including some that sound like premises from a science - fiction novel: Humans could sequester carbon dioxide by removing it from the air through technologies that mimic trees, or we could spray water droplets in the lower atmosphere to reflect light and heat back to space, or we could seed sulfur aerosols in the stratosphere to do the same.