Sentences with phrase «include coastal ecosystem»

At local scales, Clean Development Mechanisms (CDMs) are being developed to help fund climate mitigation actions that may include coastal ecosystem conservation.

Not exact matches

The bay's aquatic vegetation, including seagrasses and freshwater grasses, is an important part of coastal ecosystems, says study coauthor Jonathan Lefcheck, a marine ecologist at the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences in East Boothbay, Maine.

Around Cape Cod, a similar array will monitor the ecosystems crucial to local fisheries for up to five years, after which the moorings will be moved to study other coastal ecosystems, including the Gulf of Mexico.

Implications for ecosystems and the species that inhabit them include disruptions to beaches, coastal vegetation and reefs; ocean - going birds and transoceanic migrants also could be affected.

«We compared many different coastal ecosystems and have made a clear case for including coastal wetlands in discussions about greenhouse gas mitigation,» said Ariana Sutton - Grier, an assistant research scientist at UMD's Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center and a co-lead author of the research paper.

A host of problems, including overfishing, practices such as cyanide and dynamite fishing that cause long - term reef damage, coastal development, and climate change are all taking their toll on the ecosystem and its biodiversity.

Researchers at the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER site are monitoring and documenting many of these changes among different coastal habitats, including barrier islands, salt marshes, rivers and estuaries.

At the Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef ecosystem at approximately 133,000 square miles (about the size of New Zealand), establishing the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in 1975 was a first step, but not until the park was rezoned between 1999 and 2003 was the reef given the protection needed to rebound from threats that include shipping, dredging, commercial fishing, nutrient and pesticide runoff, coastal development and diving.

Major causes of destruction to mangrove ecosystems include deforestation for construction of aquaculture ponds and other forms of unsustainable coastal development.

14.2 by 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration, to achieve healthy and productive oceans

Fraser Island provides a globally significant example of geological processes and biological evolution, including: complex coastal dune formations that are still evolving; an array of lakes that is exceptional in terms of number, diversity, age and the evidence of dynamic and developmental stages; and outstanding examples of ecosystems that have developed in response to maritime conditions and poor soils in coastal dune formations.

Nusa Penida's waters include several coastal ecosystems such as 14 km ² of coral reef, as well as mangroves and seagrass beds.

Due to the intact connectivity of the extensive seagrass beds, desnse mangrove forests, and robust coral reefs, the remoteness of the area, and the history of protection from coastal development, the Gardens of the Queen represents a «baseline» for a nearly pristine Caribbean marine ecosystem; an ecosystem that includes healthy populations of apex predators like sharks and groupers, important grazers like Rainbow parrotfish and long - spine sea urchins, and recovering endangered species like elkhorn coral and hawksbill sea turtles.

These include such actions as driving species to extinction and adding long - lived greenhouse gases to the atmosphere in ways that have few impacts now, but could disrupt climate patterns, ocean ecosystems and coastal settlements in decades to come.

It includes a wide range of ecosystems from desert or semi-desert areas to coastal and marine habitats.

Such measures can range from «working with nature» (e.g., placing a greater emphasis on coastal resource management, or protecting mangrove and natural reef ecosystems), to a concerted «climate - proofing» of infrastructure, including storm - drainage systems, water supply and treatment plants, as well as protection or relocation of energy or solid waste management facilities.

Recalling the concern reflected in the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled «The future we want», 1 that the health of oceans and marine biodiversity are negatively affected by marine pollution, including marine debris, especially plastic, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and nitrogen - based compounds, from numerous marine and land - based sources, and the commitment to take action to significantly reduce the incidence and impacts of such pollution on marine ecosystems, Noting the international action being taken to promote the sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and waste in ways that lead to the prevention and minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, Recalling the Manila Declaration on Furthering the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities adopted by the Third Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment of a global partnership on marine litter, Taking note of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming from land and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human health; 1.

This analytical report underscores the need for protecting coastal wetlands, creating incentives for avoiding their degradation and improving their restoration, and including the protection of these ecosystems in carbon emission reduction strategies and in climate negotiations.

Currently, important attention is rightfully given to the Dec. 2017 congressional passage of far - reaching tax legislation that included provisions for the initial approval of federal mineral lease sales for oil and gas exploration and extraction in the coastal plain ecosystem of ANWR.

report that ocean sediment cores containing an «undisturbed history of the past» have been analyzed for variations in PP over timescales that include the Little Ice Age... they determined that during the LIA the ocean off Peru had «low PP, diatoms and fish,» but that «at the end of the LIA, this condition changed abruptly to the low subsurface oxygen, eutrophic upwelling ecosystem that today produces more fish than any region of the world's oceans... write that «in coastal environments, PP, diatoms and fish and their associated predators are predicted to decrease and the microbial food web to increase under global warming scenarios,» citing Ito et al..

The project objective is to use and extend NERCI as a joint research facility for scientific co-operation between India and the European Union member states and associated countries in the areas of monsoon climate variability, marine ecosystems and coastal management including impact on society.

ESM 254 - Coastal Marine Ecosystem Processes [4 units] Lenihan Examination of physical, chemical and geological processes in coastal ecosystems, including estuaries, that are influenced by human activities.

Spanning a variety of ecosystems, including the dry coastal region, the tropical Amazon, and the high Andes, the country is particularly vulnerable to climate change.

Also included was the need to enhance local and regional management practices to identify and reduce the primary drivers of high - carbon coastal system degradation, as well as the requirement to enhance international recognition of coastal carbon ecosystems.

This refers to that part of the framework convention itself that recognizes «common but differentiated» responsibilities between rich and poor countries, and also the need to promote the sustainable management of natural carbon sinks, including «biomass, forests and oceans as well as other terrestrial, coastal and marine ecosystems.»

Unlike pelagic ecosystems, coastal ecosystems are often dominated by benthic ecosystems, including engineering species (e.g. corals, seagrass, macroalgae, salt marshes, mangroves, sponges, oyster reefs) with the capacity to modulate the chemical and physical conditions of their environment (Gutiérrez et al. 2011).

However, changes in pH in coastal ecosystems result from a multitude of drivers, including impacts from watershed processes, nutrient inputs, and changes in ecosystem structure and metabolism.

However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes other than OA, such as emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by anthropogenic CO2 alone.

This new concept of anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH formulated here accommodates the broad range of mechanisms involved in the anthropogenic forcing of pH in coastal ecosystems, including changes in land use, nutrient inputs, ecosystem structure and net metabolism, and emissions of gases to the atmosphere affecting the carbon system and associated pH. The new paradigm is applicable across marine systems, from open - ocean and ocean - dominated coastal systems, where OA by anthropogenic CO2 is the dominant mechanism of anthropogenic impacts on marine pH, to coastal ecosystems where a range of natural and anthropogenic processes may operate to affect pH.

The workshop will consist of keynote lectures from these different disciplines, and then sessions will be structured around particular applications sectors including: water resources, long - term risk management, marine ecosystems, extreme events, coastal processes and public lands.

Alternative approaches include using SRES scenarios as surrogates for some stabilisation scenarios (Swart et al., 2002; see Table 2.4), for example to assess impacts on ecosystems (Leemans and Eickhout, 2004) and coastal regions (Nicholls and Lowe, 2004), demonstrating that socio - economic assumptions are a key determinant of vulnerability.