Sentences with phrase «include observational studies»

These include observational studies of gene - environment correlation and gene - environment interaction.

These included an observational study from 2009, hospital admission data from 2008 - 2010 and coroner's report data from 2008.

Not exact matches

Several observational studies have looked at the link between increased consumption of onions and a reduced risk of certain types of cancers, including stomach, breast, colon, prostate and ovarian.

Twenty - one studies, including two random controlled trials and nineteen observational studies, were used to compare nurse - midwifery outcomes to those by physicians.

Although the observational studies that underlie our models all adjusted for multiple confounders, including known risk factors for the disease outcomes of interest, risk factors for early breastfeeding cessation such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, and obesity are also risk factors for metabolic disease in later life.

Controlled clinical trials and observational studies including an internal comparison group

Because our study was a purely observational study, spitting up was defined as the presence of any visible regurgitation in the oropharynx of formula accompanied by evidence of increased respiratory effort (including coughing or sputtering) that was clinically worrisome to the caregiver.

Some barriers include the negative attitudes of women and their partners and family members, as well as health care professionals, toward breastfeeding, whereas the main reasons that women do not start or give up breastfeeding are reported to be poor family and social support, perceived milk insufficiency, breast problems, maternal or infant illness, and return to outside employment.2 Several strategies have been used to promote breastfeeding, such as setting standards for maternity services3, 4 (eg, the joint World Health Organization — United Nations Children's Fund [WHO - UNICEF] Baby Friendly Initiative), public education through media campaigns, and health professionals and peer - led initiatives to support individual mothers.5 — 9 Support from the infant's father through active participation in the breastfeeding decision, together with a positive attitude and knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding, has been shown to have a strong influence on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding in observational studies, 2,10 but scientific evidence is not available as to whether training fathers to manage the most common lactation difficulties can enhance breastfeeding rates.

Anderson et al. 8 conducted a meta - analysis (n = 11 observational studies) to examine the impact of breastfeeding on cognitive development after adjusting for socio - economic confounders, including the level of maternal education.

Findings from our study, including low rates of interventions and low rates of death or injury, are comparable to findings reported in other large observational home birth studies from Europe and Canada.»

«A number of observational studies and randomized trials, however, showed that routine episiotomy is associated with an increased incident of anal sphincter and rectal tears,» write the authors of Williams Obstetrics (23rd edition, p. 401, their emphasis), including a four to sixfold risk of fecal or flatus incontinence.

It appears that other types of protocols are utilized by the WHO, such as for the newly released Intrapartum Care for Positive Childbirth Experience, which includes all types of quantitative research, for example observational studies, and is not limited to RCTs.

Limitations to the current study included its observational nature, which doesn't prove cause and effect.

The findings of the 7 published observational studies relating breastfeeding to reduced risks of diabetes were broadly consistent, despite the widely differing nature of the populations [including one study conducted in a population born during the Dutch Famine of World War II (6) and 2 conducted in Native American populations (21, 22)-RSB-.

Study limitations include the fact that an observational study can not show cause and effect, and study participants were mostly from more affluent families so findings may not be generalizable to socioeconomically disadvantaged famiStudy limitations include the fact that an observational study can not show cause and effect, and study participants were mostly from more affluent families so findings may not be generalizable to socioeconomically disadvantaged famistudy can not show cause and effect, and study participants were mostly from more affluent families so findings may not be generalizable to socioeconomically disadvantaged famistudy participants were mostly from more affluent families so findings may not be generalizable to socioeconomically disadvantaged families.

This is an observational study so no firm conclusions can be drawn about cause and effect, added to which the questionnaire captured dietary habits for one week only and it didn't include alcohol or coffee, which may have boosted calorie intake among the 18 - 19 year olds.

The analysis included data from 16 high - quality observational studies involving more than 12,000 women worldwide.

Like the other works, the latest study was observational and did not include baseline data on what health issues these patients might have had before they contracted Ebola.

This is a unique study that brings together our expertise and that of world leaders in a variety of fields including observational astronomy, cosmology, experimental atomic physics and high energy theoretical physics.

Limitations of the study include its observational nature and the self - reported diet assessments.

Large observational studies report that in severely obese individuals, bariatric surgery is associated with long - term reductions in all major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, CVD events such as heart attacks and strokes, cancer and all - cause mortality, including a 92 % decrease in diabetes - related deaths.

Researchers conducted a nationwide, population - based long - term observational cohort study using the Swedish Multi-Generation Register to monitor the risk of nonceliac autoimmune disease, which includes Crohn's disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and ulcerative colitis.

Although this study had several limitations, including its observational nature, data only drawn from an urban district in Japan, and other factors, the investigators maintain that useful lessons may be learned.

Previous studies lacked the observational data included in Doherty's analysis, making earlier estimates much less accurate.

«These findings are in keeping with several other observational studies that indicate that a slew of healthy behaviors, including increased physical activity, keeping a healthy weight, and lower intake of sugar and sweetened beverages, improve colon cancer outcomes,» said Temidayo Fadelu, M.D., a postdoctoral fellow at Dana - Farber Cancer Institute and lead author of the paper.

These included trials in which participants were randomly assigned to different diets, as well as observational studies in which participants» intake of fatty acids was determined by asking them about their diet or by measuring the fatty acids circulating in the bloodstream.

The British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology analysis included 49 case reports and two observational studies with 15 cases of adverse drug reactions.

There were no language restrictions imposed on the studies, which included both real - world observational as well as clinical studies.

«We're looking forward to longer - term results to come in the next five years from various ongoing observational studies,» Dr. Arterburn said: The Utah Obesity Study, the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative, and large cohorts from Veterans Affairs health system and the HMO Research Network (including Group Health) and should yield important long - term information comparing the efficacy, safety, and costs of surgical and non-surgical care for severe obesity.

These findings are generally consistent with those from recent systematic reviews, some of which also included trials of statins for secondary prevention.47,51 - 53 Similar to other meta - analyses of primary and secondary prevention trials, 54,55 this review found no association between use of statins and increased risk of muscle - related harms, although some observational studies and randomized rechallenge trials found statins associated with increased risk of myopathy or joint - related symptoms.56 - 58 The large HOPE - 3 trial found statins associated with increased risk of cataract surgery, an unanticipated finding.14 No other trial of statins for primary prevention evaluated risk of cataracts or cataract surgery.

A systematic review of observational studies suggested that smoking cessation after bladder cancer is beneficial, but owing to confounding and methodological concerns of included studies no firm conclusions could be drawn.30 Some observational studies have also shown an association between smoking cessation in patients with head and neck cancer and reduced risk of disease progression and mortality, but the absence of a systematic review and meta - analysis means that the strength of this association is uncertain.31 32 33

Potential cardioprotection was based on generally supportive data on lipid levels in intermediate outcome clinical trials, trials in nonhuman primates, and a large body of observational studies suggesting a 40 % to 50 % reduction in risk among users of either estrogen alone or, less frequently, combined estrogen and progestin.2 - 5 Hip fracture was designated as a secondary outcome, supported by observational data as well as clinical trials showing benefit for bone mineral density.6, 7 Invasive breast cancer was designated as a primary adverse outcome based on observational data.3, 8 Additional clinical outcomes chosen as secondary outcomes that may plausibly be affected by hormone therapy include other cardiovascular diseases; endometrial, colorectal, and other cancers; and other fractures.3, 6,9

A fact sheet about results from animal research and ongoing observational studies of people taking statins that suggest that these drugs may lower the risk of certain cancers, including colorectal and skin cancers.

The main body of contents is composed of scientific papers on the various aspects of seismology, including: investigation of specific earthquakes, theoretical and observational studies of seismic waves; inverse methods for determining the structure of the earth or the dynamics of the earthquake source; seismometry; earthquake hazard and risk estimation; seismotectonics; earthquake engineering; paleoseismology; tsunami studies.

The IPCC AR4 (9.6: Observational Constraints on Climate Sensitivity) lists 13 studies (Table 9.3) that constrain climate sensitivity using various types of data, including two using LGM data.

Research on alcohol consumption and health risks is always going to have limitations, says Boolbol, since most studies in this area — including the studies in both of these reviews — are observational, rather than randomized clinical trials.

The analysis included seven clinical trials and 32 observational studies.

Conclusion «These findings are in keeping with several other observational studies that indicate that a slew of healthy behaviors, including increased physical activity, keeping a healthy weight, and lower intake of sugar and sweetened beverages, improve colon cancer outcomes,» says first author Temidayo Fadelu from the Dana - Farber Cancer Institute.

«Observational study found that low back pain patients receiving chiropractic care, which typically includes spinal manipulation, are more satisfied than those receiving medical care.»

A dietary review of 49 observational and controlled studies found plant - based vegetarian diets, especially vegan diets, are associated with lower levels of total cholesterol, including lower levels of HDL and LDL cholesterol, compared to omnivorous diets.

Because antioxidants are widely used, and because there is laboratory and observational evidence of potential health benefits, antioxidants are the subject of extensive research across NIH, including recent NCCAM - sponsored studies that have been investigating:

Results from observational studies however, have been inconsistent and vary by cancer site and other factors, including gender and genetic risk.

A few large observational studies have found that eating peanuts is associated with a lower risk of death from many different causes, including heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes (48).

The review included the results of 12 observational studies, but only nine were used in meta - analyses.

These included intervention studies, randomized controlled trials, observational studies and animal studies.

Observational studies in humans have linked high added sugar and refined carbohydrate intake to many chronic diseases, including heart disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity and more.

Winners of best award presentations from the event included: Best Avian / Exotics Presentation Dr. Mary Thurber - «Detection of Avian Boravirus in Captive Thick - billed Parrots (Rhynchopsitta Pachyrhyncha) by RT - PCR and ELISA» Best Large Animal Presentation Dr. Lisa Gamsjaeger - «Sodium Iodide as a Preventative Strategy for Respiratory Disease in Preweaned Dairy Calves» Best Small Animal Presentation # 1 Dr. Catherine Belanger - «High - Pressure Balloon Valvuloplasty for Severe Pulmonic Stenosis: A Prospective Observational Study in 25 Dogs» Best Small Animal Presentation # 2 Dr. Chai - Fei Li - «Exosome - Associated Integrins as Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers for Canine Glioma» Chris Smith Award Dr. Fauna Smith - «Eosinophilic Peritonitis in 8 Horses (1995 - 2015)» Gerald Ling Award Dr. Kate Farrell - «Evaluation of Pulse Oximetry as a Surrogate for Pao2 in Awake Dogs Breathing Room Air and Anesthetized Dogs on Mechanical Ventilation» UC Davis, with the largest resident training program of any veterinary hospital in the country, is able to offer unique research and publishing opportunities not available elsewhere to veterinarians pursuing advanced training at teaching hospitals.

Mike's work, like that of previous award winners, is diverse, and includes pioneering and highly cited work in time series analysis (an elegant use of Thomson's multitaper spectral analysis approach to detect spatiotemporal oscillations in the climate record and methods for smoothing temporal data), decadal climate variability (the term «Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation» or «AMO» was coined by Mike in an interview with Science's Richard Kerr about a paper he had published with Tom Delworth of GFDL showing evidence in both climate model simulations and observational data for a 50 - 70 year oscillation in the climate system; significantly Mike also published work with Kerry Emanuel in 2006 showing that the AMO concept has been overstated as regards its role in 20th century tropical Atlantic SST changes, a finding recently reaffirmed by a study published in Nature), in showing how changes in radiative forcing from volcanoes can affect ENSO, in examining the role of solar variations in explaining the pattern of the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age, the relationship between the climate changes of past centuries and phenomena such as Atlantic tropical cyclones and global sea level, and even a bit of work in atmospheric chemistry (an analysis of beryllium - 7 measurements).

use of ocean heat uptake — which amounts to only ~ 86 % of total heat uptake — as a measure of total heat uptake despite the observational studies Marvel et al. critique using estimates that included non-ocean heat uptake;

When accounting for the studies which don't include a direct forcing estimate the average from satellite - based observational studies is -1.0 W / m ^ 2.