Sentences with phrase «included a study period»

The research included a study period spread over approximately 15 years.

Not exact matches

A wealth of recent research, including a new study published this month in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, suggests that any type of exercise that raises your heart rate and gets you moving and sweating for a sustained period of time — known as aerobic exercise — has a significant, overwhelmingly beneficial impact on the brain.

Although the biotech has only conducted preclinical studies so far, there are several potential advantages to nonviral therapies, including being quicker to develop and possibly eliminating the need for a lengthy monitoring period of patients after treatment.

The present study is too brief to permit any proper analysis, but we may say that Christian eschatology, understood in this sense, is the product of a marriage of ideas found in Jewish thought, including the inter-testamental period, and the hellenistic soul - body portrayal of man.

The first order (upper scale) includes the entire 36 - d study and sampling period.

Our study period is from 1998 to the present day; and, in order to be included, publications must draw on empirical research (UK samples) or describe or reflect on relevant research methodologies, or on UK policy or practice.

We conclude, based on the 10 studies included in this review, that breastfeeding may help reduce pain during vaccination for infants beyond the neonatal period.

In two studies, the intervention took place in the antenatal period only (Serwint 1996; Winterburn 2003); five included both the antenatal and postnatal periods (Graffy 2004; Junior 2007; Penfold 2014; Reeder 2014; Sellen 2013), and three took place in the postnatal period only (Collins 2004; Hoddinott 2012; Junior 2007).

Limitations of the study include that the women were asked to remember information from years earlier, so they may not have remembered everything correctly, and that the reasons for not breastfeeding or breastfeeding only for a short period of time were not investigated.

Therefore, future birth cohort studies examining the incidence of atopic disease need to directly compare infants fed hydrolyzed (including both partially and extensively hydrolyzed formulas) and nonhydrolyzed formulas to exclusively breast - fed infants for a prolonged period.

Such trials should be conducted in varied populations and settings and include longer periods of restricted exposure to pacifiers than have been examined thus far.13 Until such studies can be completed, it is important that breastfeeding support and education be incorporated into prenatal obstetric and early pediatric patient encounters.

Two later studies not included in these meta - analyses reported equivalent or even larger protective associations.265, 266 The mechanism for this apparent strong protective effect is still unclear, but lowered arousal thresholds, favorable modification of autonomic control during sleep, and maintaining airway patency during sleep have been proposed.247, 267, — , 270 It is common for the pacifier to fall from the mouth soon after the infant falls asleep; even so, the protective effect persists throughout that sleep period.247, 271 Two studies have shown that pacifier use is most protective when used for all sleep periods.169, 266 However, these studies also showed increased risk of SIDS when the pacifier was usually used but not used the last time the infant was placed for sleep; the significance of these findings is yet unclear.

Urinary incontinence (UI) has an effect on quality of life during the postpartum period.1, 2 Fear of UI is one of the most common reasons for maternal demand for cesarean delivery.3, 4 The muscle strength of the pelvic floor returns to the antepartum value 6 — 10 weeks postpartum in most women.5, 6 However, UI symptoms after delivery do not resolve in the long term in some women.7, 8 Studies have variously concluded that the prevalence of UI changed9 or did not change within 6 months or 1 year postpartum.10, 11 A higher prevalence or incidence of UI has been observed in women who had a vaginal delivery than in women who underwent cesarean delivery.10 — 18 In contrast, a recent study found that vaginal delivery was not associated with postpartum UI.19 The long - term protective effect of cesarean delivery has not been determined.20 Validated and reliable questionnaires to evaluate UI, including severity and quality of life, are needed for postpartum evaluation.21 However, comparisons of UI severity and the effect on daily life between women who have had vaginal and cesarean deliveries are scarce.22

Loss to follow - up was a particular problem in studies where women were recruited in the antenatal period and, as we have described above, we have not included any outcome data from studies that were otherwise eligible for inclusion in the review because of high levels of attrition for all outcomes.

The answer should include evidence over a prolonged period of time (two elections cycles or more if possible)- or studies evaluating that fact.

There will be a high level support for all participants throughout the period of study including the loan of lap tops and access to tutors by telephone and email.

At baseline and at the end of each sodium intake period, the researchers conducting the original study also took blood samples, which were analyzed for a variety of blood markers, including uric acid.

It was the period of behavioral science, the study of action and behavior, including behavior control and modification.

A total of 19 prospective cohort studies with more than 760,000 participants were included in the analysis, and participants were followed for time periods ranging from four to 36 years.

Our study also covered a longer time period, and included more in - situ observations of deep - sea debris than any previous study I'm aware of.»

The tools were studied by Dr. Harmand and her colleague Hélène Roche — world experts in lithic analysis, the study of stone artifacts from the various Stone Age periods in which they were made — to interpret physical features and reconstruct the manufacturing techniques used at the prehistoric site, including experimental replication of the tools.

The study included all patients aged 65 years and older admitted to two cardiac intensive care units during a period of 15 months.

The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) funded the provision of combination HIV prevention, including ART and circumcision services, during the period observed in the study.

The study was also the first of its size to look at all colon removal surgeries, including open surgery, which was done over the study period in 51.7 percent of patients.

Matteo Boretto, the first author on this study, commented that «we were very excited to see that we could not only robustly grow and amplify endometrial tissue in a dish, but that the tiny structures were also able to reproduce normal responses of the endometrium to hormones: oestrogen makes the tissue thicken, progesterone then induces maturation including folding (see picture), and subsequent removal of both hormones mimics the cell shedding of the menstrual period.»

Blood pressures were taken throughout the study, including at the beginning of each six - week period and at the end of the study.

However, previous studies have also linked the Mediterranean diet with reduced cardiovascular risks, including the Nurses» Health Study, which included nearly 75,000 American nurses who were tracked over a 30 - year period.

Although limited by differences in the quality of the studies included in this review, these findings have important implications: they suggest that women living in regions where HIV infection is common should be offered repeat HIV testing during pregnancy and in the postpartum period to detect incident HIV infections, and that preventing HIV transmission during pregnancy and the postpartum period should be prioritized, for example, by counseling women about the need to use condoms to prevent transmission during this period of their lives.

NIH, by the way, has recently recognized that «the career outcomes of NRSA - supported training programs include both research - intensive careers in academia and industry and research - related careers in various sectors, e.g. academic institutions, government agencies, for - profit businesses, and private foundations» and is encouraging universities with T32 programs to provide «structured, career development advising and learning opportunities» to prepare trainees for those opportunities, according to a notice issued in September 2013, near the end of the study period.

In this study, the researchers used routinely collected data from 979,912 term singleton pregnancies over a 19 - year period in Scotland and externally validated the findings in an independent UK cohort including 10,515 pregnancies.

With nearly one in 68 children in the U.S. diagnosed with autism, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pineda and her colleagues hope the new study will motivate researchers to better define differences in development across the lifespan, including the neonatal period.

«Our study has several distinct strengths compared to prior studies including the large number of participants, long - term follow - up, large number of cardiovascular events that were confirmed by medical record review, detailed information about diet and other cardiovascular disease risk factors, and repeated assessment of calcium supplement use over the 24 - year follow up period,» said Julie Paik, MD, MPH, BWH Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, lead study author.

During the one - year study period, the students were assessed for a range of outcomes, including sexual health attitudes, knowledge, intention to initiate sex, and sexual activity.

For their analysis, the researchers included only 45 participants, those who filled out the diary more than 25 percent of the time and had taken opioid pills at least once during the study period.

DeConto and Pollard's study was motivated by reconstructions of sea level rise during past warm periods including the previous inter-glacial (around 125,000 years ago) and earlier warm intervals like the Pliocene (around 3 million years ago).

A 2009 study done by European scientists looked at hospital admission data from 12 major cities including Dublin, London, Barcelona, Athens and Rome from at least a three - year period.

They looked to the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, an effort to examine the behavior and health — including lung function — of 1,037 individuals who have been tracked since their birth in Dunedin, New Zealand during a 12 - month period from 1972 - 1973.

This predictor study included 48 children between 4 and 7 years who received improvisational music therapy weekly over a period of 5 months.

The study included 3,481 individuals who were admitted to any of 20 Kaiser Permanente hospitals in Northern California with a hemorrhagic stroke over a 10 - year period.

This retrospective study included 25 252 low risk non-valvular AF patients (age 18 - 64) out of a total of 345 123 AF patients identified from the Swedish nationwide patient register for the period 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2012.

Previous studies have shown acupuncture is effective for chronic pain, including low back pain, neck pain, and osteoarthritis; tension - type headache; chemotherapy - induced nausea and vomiting; period pain; and hayfever.

It draws on the work of more than 100 scientists over a period of five years, including Wits PhD student and leader of the study, Wendy Foden.

Future studies that include more participants or that track women for a longer period could help illuminate the factors that contribute to cardiovascular risk among women with normal and high blood pressure during pregnancy, researchers said.

The study, which appeared in Next Wave in August 1996, brought to light issues that are still of concern today, including (as Wellington wrote back then) «low pay, lack of benefits, and lengthening training periods for decreasing job opportunities.»

The study period didn't include private individual and family plans bought on the exchanges set up under the Affordable Care Act.

The authors, who also include center colleagues Yu Bai, Helen F. Ladd and Clara Muschkin, found the state's investment in both programs totaled an average of $ 2,200 per child during the 13 - year study period.

Limitations of the study include that the results may not be generalizable to the first and second trimesters of pregnancy or to the period immediately following the child's birth.

The researchers» analysis revealed that opioid - related ICU admissions increased an average of more than half a percent each year over the seven - year study period and that patients admitted to ICUs as a result of overdose required increasingly intensive care, including high - cost renal replacement therapy or dialysis.

In this study, 41 rural towns (including a total of 77,658 newborns over the study period) were randomized to the intervention (HBV vaccination for all newborns) or control (no vaccination) groups, with two - thirds of the control group participants receiving a catch - up vaccination at age 10 - 14 years.

The new report comes from one of the world's longest running air pollution studies, which included 368,000 people in England and Wales followed over a 38 year period.