Sentences with phrase «included cognitive vulnerability»

Not exact matches

Physical punishment is associated with a range of mental health problems in children, youth and adults, including depression, unhappiness, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, use of drugs and alcohol, and general psychological maladjustment.26 — 29 These relationships may be mediated by disruptions in parent — child attachment resulting from pain inflicted by a caregiver, 30,31 by increased levels of cortisol32 or by chemical disruption of the brain's mechanism for regulating stress.33 Researchers are also finding that physical punishment is linked to slower cognitive development and adversely affects academic achievement.34 These findings come from large longitudinal studies that control for a wide range of potential confounders.35 Intriguing results are now emerging from neuroimaging studies, which suggest that physical punishment may reduce the volume of the brain's grey matter in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.37

Associated outcomes include negative infant temperament, 24 insecure attachment, 25 cognitive and language development difficulties, 26 lower self - esteem and other cognitive vulnerabilities to depression in five year olds, 27 and poorer peer relations in early childhood.28

CATCH - IT includes 14 web modules that teach strategies from behavioral activation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy to strengthen protective factors and reduce vulnerability to depressive disorder.

Past research examining the validity of PCS in Chinese samples has indicated that it is positively associated with other measures of cognitive vulnerability including the children's dysfunctional attitudes scale as well as negatively correlated with levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (Auerbach et al. 2009a, b).

Past research examining the relationship between cognitive vulnerability to depressive symptoms in adolescent samples have found strong support for a wide range of factors including attributional style (e.g., Abela and Hankin 2008), dysfunctional attitudes (e.g., Lewinsohn et al. 2001), and rumination (Abela et al. 2007).