For those desiring papers with more explicit positions on the cause of
global warming, we also used categories that only
included papers that explicitly quantified the
human contribution to global warming.
Based on an extensive literature review, we suggest that (1) climate
warming occurs with great uncertainty in the magnitude of the temperature increase; (2) both
human activities and natural forces contribute
to climate change, but their relative
contributions are difficult
to quantify; and (3) the dominant role of the increase in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (
including CO2) in the
global warming claimed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is questioned by the scientific communities because of large uncertainties in the mechanisms of natural factors and anthropogenic activities and in the sources of the increased atmospheric CO2 concentration.