Sentences with phrase «including atmospheric composition»

Study teams have been established and international cooperation among space agencies has been stimulated to explore four representative Constellation prototypes, including atmospheric composition, global precipitation, land surface imaging, and ocean surface topography.

Because this climate sensitivity is derived from empirical data on how Earth responded to past changes of boundary conditions, including atmospheric composition, our conclusions about limits on fossil fuel emissions can be regarded as largely independent of climate models.

Because this climate sensitivity is derived from empirical data on how Earth responded to past changes of boundary conditions, including atmospheric composition, our conclusions about limits on fossil fuel emissions can be regarded as largely independent of climate models.

Not exact matches

These properties include particle size, chemical composition, and ability to soak up atmospheric water.

The main factors include solar variability, volcanic activity, atmospheric composition, the amount of sunlight reflected back into space, ocean currents and changes in the Earth's orbit.

Galileo studied Jupiter's atmospheric composition, including ammonia clouds, as well as several of the planet's moons.

The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition (the concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane); changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles (and possibly the Sun's orbit around the galaxy); the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the Earth's surface, which could affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth - Moon system; and the impact of relatively large meteorites, and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.

Response: It's not the IPCC models that don't include this, rather it is the scenarios that are used to estimate future atmospheric composition.

The processes of carbon release are intertwined with multiple factors, including microbial community composition, stability of old carbon, physical soil structure, and relative fraction of leaching to atmospheric emission.

Given the huge sums of money involved in funding climate research and the even larger sums being spent on the assumption that it gives us good guidance for practical decisions, it may be time for some very large experimental chambers to be constructed to test the presumptions of the device of using forcings as an tractable way of including changes in atmospheric composition in climate models.

This course provides a detailed overview of the physics and chemistry of atmospheric aerosols including composition, size, and interaction with radiation and clouds.

Implications include (i) the expectation of additional global warming of about 0.6 °C without further change of atmospheric composition; (ii) the confirmation of the climate system's lag in responding to forcings, implying the need for anticipatory actions to avoid any specified level of climate change; and (iii) the likelihood of acceleration of ice sheet disintegration and sea level rise.

The experiments were performed with ModelE2, a new version of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences (GISS) coupled general circulation model that includes three different versions for the atmospheric composition components: a noninteractive version (NINT) with prescribed composition and a tuned aerosol indirect effect (AIE), the TCAD version with fully interactive aerosols, whole - atmosphere chemistry, and the tuned AIE, and the TCADI version which further includes a parameterized first indirect aerosol effect on clouds.

The main factors include solar variability, volcanic activity, atmospheric composition, the amount of sunlight reflected back into space, ocean currents and changes in the Earth's orbit.

These include increased average land and ocean temperatures that lead to reduced snowpack levels, hydrological changes, and sea level rise; changing precipitation patterns that will create both drought and extreme rain events; and increasing atmospheric CO2 that will contribute to ocean acidification, changes in species composition, and increased risk of fires.

Its twice - daily five - day forecasts of global atmospheric composition supplement the IFS monitoring of temperature, air pressure and humidity by including chemical species such as ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, aerosols and greenhouse gases.

Consider the facts: the climate system is indicated to have left the natural cycle path; multiple lines of evidence and studies from different fields all point to the human fingerprint on current climate change; the convergence of these evidence lines include ice mass loss, pattern changes, ocean acidification, plant and species migration, isotopic signature of CO2, changes in atmospheric composition, and many others.

Additionally, solar spectral measurements provide information about atmospheric composition including column concentrations of trace gases and aerosol optical properties and optical depths.