Sentences with phrase «including changes in solar radiation»

The model included a more comprehensive set of natural and human - made climate forcings than previous studies, including changes in solar radiation, volcanic particles, human - made greenhouse gases, fine particles such as soot, the effect of the particles on clouds and land use.

Not exact matches

Natural factors contributing to past climate change are well documented and include changes in atmospheric chemistry, ocean circulation patterns, solar radiation intensity, snow and ice cover, Earth's orbital cycle around the sun, continental position, and volcanic eruptions.

This is the portion of temperature change that is imposed on the ocean - atmosphere - land system from the outside and it includes contributions from anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gasses, aerosols, and land - use change as well as changes in solar radiation and volcanic aerosols.

In the first instance, the frequency of extreme summers was calculated in climate models where both human - caused (changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols and ozone) and natural (solar radiation changes and volcanic) climate factors were includeIn the first instance, the frequency of extreme summers was calculated in climate models where both human - caused (changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols and ozone) and natural (solar radiation changes and volcanic) climate factors were includein climate models where both human - caused (changes in greenhouse gases, aerosols and ozone) and natural (solar radiation changes and volcanic) climate factors were includein greenhouse gases, aerosols and ozone) and natural (solar radiation changes and volcanic) climate factors were included.

Hi CH There are two major factor in global climatic changes (and I consider CO2 to be a minor one, taking place below the UHI)-- direct Sun - Earth link (TSI, electromagnetic, UV and particle radiation)-- Ocean heath storage (long term integration process) and distribution (ocean currents) Views of solar scientists (including Mike Lockwood) are constrained by their 1950's hero Eugene Parker's theories, which the latest discoveries often bring into question.

I have sought the best empirical evidence to show how changes in incoming solar radiation, accounted for by intrinsic solar magnetic modulation of the irradiance output as well as planetary modulation of the seasonal distribution of sunlight, affects the thermal properties of land and sea, including temperatures.

The cryosphere derives its importance to the climate system from a variety of effects, including its high reflectivity (albedo) for solar radiation, its low thermal conductivity, its large thermal inertia, its potential for affecting ocean circulation (through exchange of freshwater and heat) and atmospheric circulation (through topographic changes), its large potential for affecting sea level (through growth and melt of land ice), and its potential for affecting greenhouse gases (through changes in permafrost)(Chapter 4).

There are three solar activities, but only changes in electromagnetic radiation (insolation) are included.

Other leading theories to causes of mass extinctions include: global climate change, changes in sea level, chemical poisoning of the atmosphere and / or oceans, variation in solar radiation, and extreme volcanic activity.

Measures to reduce the heating and cooling needs of the passengers, for example by changing window glass to reflect incoming solar radiation, are included in the group of measures.

The NSRDB accounts for any recent climate changes and provides more accurate values of solar radiation due to a better model for estimating values (more than 90 percent of the solar radiation data in both data bases are modeled), more measured data including direct normal radiation, improved instrument calibration methods, and rigorous procedures for assessing quality of data.

By the way, water is the only molecule in the upper atmosphere of significant quantity to radiate the balance of IR beyond the minor CO2 radiation plus the IR window radiation and as such is the primary earth cooling agent (including cloud reflection) and thus is a negative feedback to any actual changes in solar input energy.

The physics that must be included to investigate the moist greenhouse is principally: (i) accurate radiation incorporating the spectral variation of gaseous absorption in both the solar radiation and thermal emission spectral regions, (ii) atmospheric dynamics and convection with no specifications favouring artificial atmospheric boundaries, such as between a troposphere and stratosphere, (iii) realistic water vapour physics, including its effect on atmospheric mass and surface pressure, and (iv) cloud properties that respond realistically to climate change.

These include other anthropogenic factors such as increased industrial aerosols and ozone depletion, as well as natural changes in solar radiation and volcanic aerosols, and the cycle of El Niño and La Niña events.