Sentences with phrase «including changes in the concentrations»

[38] Radiative forcing quantifies the effect of factors that influence Earth's energy balance, including changes in the concentrations of greenhouse gases.

Not exact matches

These risks include, in no particular order, the following: the trends toward more high - definition, on - demand and anytime, anywhere video will not continue to develop at its current pace or will expire; the possibility that our products will not generate sales that are commensurate with our expectations or that our cost of revenue or operating expenses may exceed our expectations; the mix of products and services sold in various geographies and the effect it has on gross margins; delays or decreases in capital spending in the cable, satellite, telco, broadcast and media industries; customer concentration and consolidation; the impact of general economic conditions on our sales and operations; our ability to develop new and enhanced products in a timely manner and market acceptance of our new or existing products; losses of one or more key customers; risks associated with our international operations; exchange rate fluctuations of the currencies in which we conduct business; risks associated with our CableOS ™ and VOS ™ product solutions; dependence on market acceptance of various types of broadband services, on the adoption of new broadband technologies and on broadband industry trends; inventory management; the lack of timely availability of parts or raw materials necessary to produce our products; the impact of increases in the prices of raw materials and oil; the effect of competition, on both revenue and gross margins; difficulties associated with rapid technological changes in our markets; risks associated with unpredictable sales cycles; our dependence on contract manufacturers and sole or limited source suppliers; and the effect on our business of natural disasters.

Signs of postpartum depression can include feelings of sadness and hopelessness, frequent crying, anxiety or moodiness, changes in sleeping or eating patterns, difficulty with concentration, anger or rage, and loss of interest in activities that are usually enjoyable, according to the mental health institute.

WHEREAS, in furtherance of a united effort to address the reality and ramifications of climate change, nations of the world assembled in Rio de Janiero in 1992 and proposed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change («UNFCC») in an effort to stabilize concentrations of climate - altering gases in the atmosphere, which UNFCC was adopted in 1994, and has since been ratified by 197 nations, including the United Schange, nations of the world assembled in Rio de Janiero in 1992 and proposed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change («UNFCC») in an effort to stabilize concentrations of climate - altering gases in the atmosphere, which UNFCC was adopted in 1994, and has since been ratified by 197 nations, including the United SChange («UNFCC») in an effort to stabilize concentrations of climate - altering gases in the atmosphere, which UNFCC was adopted in 1994, and has since been ratified by 197 nations, including the United States;

Judge Coffin says the nature, facts and drivers of climate change will be central to the case — including whether there is a threshold at which the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere reaches a tipping point locking in irreversible planetary damage.

They rapidly detect and continuously respond to extremely small changes in the concentrations of gases including ammonia, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxide.

The increased use of synthetic chemicals, including pesticides and pharmaceuticals to attack unwanted organisms, has outpaced the rates of change in rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and other agents of global environmental change over the past 45 years, a new Duke - led analysis reveals.

Hepatic encephalopathy occurs when the liver can not remove certain toxins and chemicals, such as ammonia, from the blood.1 These toxins and chemicals then build up and enter the brain.1 Hepatic encephalopathy is one of the major complications of cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), and a leading cause of hospital re-admission due to its recurrence, despite treatment.1 It can occur suddenly in people with acute liver failure, but is seen more often in those with chronic liver disease.1 Symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy include mild confusion, forgetfulness, poor concentration and personality or mood changes, but can progress to extreme anxiety, seizures, severe confusion, jumbled and slurred speech and slow movement.1 The first step in treatment is to identify and treat any factors that cause hepatic encephalopathy.2 Once the episode has resolved, further treatment aims to reduce the production and absorption of toxins, such as ammonia.1 Generally, there are two types of medication used to reduce the likelihood of another hepatic encephalopathy episode — lactulose and rifaximin.2 However, it remains a leading cause of hospitalisations and re-hospitalisations in cirrhotic patients, despite the use of the above - mentioned standard of care treatment.

In the Central Hardwoods, the effects of a changing climate are expected to include rising temperatures due to a rise in greenhouse gas concentrations, leading to longer growing seasonIn the Central Hardwoods, the effects of a changing climate are expected to include rising temperatures due to a rise in greenhouse gas concentrations, leading to longer growing seasonin greenhouse gas concentrations, leading to longer growing seasons.

A recent trend in GCMs is to extend them to become Earth system models, that include such things as submodels for atmospheric chemistry or a carbon cycle model to better predict changes in carbon dioxide concentrations resulting from changes in emissions.

As CO2 reacts with seawater, it generates dramatic changes in carbonate chemistry, including decreases in pH and in the concentration of carbonate ions.

The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition (the concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane); changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles (and possibly the Sun's orbit around the galaxy); the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the Earth's surface, which could affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth - Moon system; and the impact of relatively large meteorites, and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.

Are there simple, controlled laboratory experiments that could either shed light on climate sensitivity and / or else help demonstrate, including mostly to skeptics, how changes in trace concentrations of an IR absorber / re-radiator are so effective at changing the temp of a system?

Cigarette composition has however changed in the past 50 years, resulting in a reduction in nicotine and tar concentrations in cigarette smoke, but also to an apparent increase in the concentration of certain carcinogens, which includes beta - napthylamine, a recognized bladder carcinogen.

Signs of postpartum depression can include feelings of sadness and hopelessness, frequent crying, anxiety or moodiness, changes in sleeping or eating patterns, difficulty with concentration, anger or rage, and loss of interest in activities that are usually enjoyable, according to the mental health institute.

Key Recommendation: These studies suggest that a change from a diet including meat to a diet excluding meat can have negative effects on overall testosterone concentrations in your body.

There were also several studies that reported changes in physiological and cognitive outcomes including increased heart rate variability, decreased cortisol concentration, improved respiratory muscle and abdominal strength, greater flexibility, improved planning and execution of cognitive tasks, and even declines in physiological stress reactivity.

The individual approach for children and adolescents at higher risk for CVD and with a high concentration of LDL includes recommended changes in diet with nutritional counseling and other lifestyle interventions such as increased physical activity.

The effects of neck - lock include: «helps to bring an internal focus for the practitioner «sealing the energy that is created in the upper brain stem area «stabilizes blood pressure that can change due to exercise and breathing «acts as a safety valve, regulating the pressure and reducing dizziness «creates nerve reflexes that balance / stimulate the thyroid and parathyroid glands «allows the flow of energy to remain natural and calming to the heart «Moon center energy is contained in the chin «increases the concentration of secretions from the pituitary gland «allows a new interrelatedness between the glands How do you know?

There are many occasions where music has had a transformational effect on children and helped turn their lives around and research by the QCA in 2002 — «Investigation Arts - Rich Schools» has shown that success in the arts, including music, changed pupils» behaviour, increasing concentration levels, developing team work and creating respect for the school environment.

The elementary public charter school participation model also includes public charter school concentration, and the middle and high school public charter school participation model includes change in the school - age population, but not the percentage of the population that is African American.

But there are vast volumes of studies concluding that rising concentrations of greenhouse gases are already influencing the climate and will continue to raise the odds of fiercer floods, drier droughts and other disruptive changes, including a quickening pace of coastal retreats (and all as human populations soar in some of the world's most vulnerable places).

Such factors include increased greenhouse gas concentrations associated with fossil fuel burning, sulphate aerosols produced as an industrial by - product, human - induced changes in land surface properties among other things.

Are there simple, controlled laboratory experiments that could either shed light on climate sensitivity and / or else help demonstrate, including mostly to skeptics, how changes in trace concentrations of an IR absorber / re-radiator are so effective at changing the temp of a system?

It is well known that multiple factors are involved, including the change in planetary albedo, change in nitrous oxide concentration, change in methane concentration, and change in CO2 concentration.

Alarmed at the pace of change to our Earth caused by human - induced climate change, including accelerating melting and loss of ice from Greenland, the Himalayas and Antarctica, acidification of the world's oceans due to rising CO2 concentrations, increasingly intense tropical cyclones, more damaging and intense drought and floods, including glacial lakes outburst loods, in many regions and higher levels of sea - level rise than estimated just a few years ago, risks changing the face of the planet and threatening coastal cities, low lying areas, mountainous regions and vulnerable countries the world over,

It is standard practice to include only the fast feedback processes, including changes in water vapour, in the calculation of climate sensitivity, but to exclude possible induced changes in the concentrations of other greenhouse gases (as well as other slow feedback processes).

Concentration at stabilization including GHGs and aerosols (2008 = 395 ppm) Peaking year of CO 2 emissions Change in CO 2 emissions in 2050 (percent of 2000 emissions) 2.0 -2.4350-400445-4902000-2015 − 85 to − 50 2.4 -2.8400-440490-5352000-2020 − 60 to − 30 2.8 -3.2440-485535-5902010-2030 − 30 to +5 3.2 -4.0485-570590-7102020-2060 +10 to +60 4.0 -4.9570-660710-8552050-2080 +25 to +85 4.9 -6.1660-790855-11302060-2090 +90 to +140 Data from: IPCC, 2007: Synthesis Report.

Energy transfer in the lower troposphere is a typical case, where changes in convective processes (including transport of moisture) restore the balance very efficiently leading to little direct influence from changes in CO2 concentration as long as the concentration is not much lower than the present one.

Carbon and Other Biochemical Cycles: On the headline statement in this section, Brazil insisted on nuancing the relative contribution of land - use change to the increase of CO2 concentrations, and including reference to the role of forests as sinks, with Venezuela proposing to refer to the net balance between emissions and carbon capture by land systems.

Every year the GCP provides an estimate of the global carbon budget, which estimates both the release and uptake of carbon including emissions from fossil fuels and industry, emissions from land - use changes, carbon taken up by the oceans and land, and changes in atmospheric concentrations of CO2.

The vulnerable nations declared that they are, «Alarmed at the pace of change to our Earth caused by human - induced climate change, including accelerating melting and loss of ice from Greenland, the Himalayas and Antarctica, acidification of the world's oceans due to rising CO2 concentrations, increasingly intense tropical cyclones, more damaging and intense drought and floods, including Glacial Lakes Outburst Floods, in many regions and higher levels of sea - level rise than estimated just a few years ago, risks changing the face of the planet and threatening coastal cities, low lying areas, mountainous regions and vulnerable countries the world over...»

You are once again confusing (a) the time required for individual molecules of CO2 (including a particular isotope release / tracer experiment) to swap in the carbon cycle, with (b) the time required for a total concentration change.

Inclusion of short - term forcing agents within a rate - of - change target is a natural extension of this approach, and could provide a framework for including both emissions rates, or «flows», as well as cumulative emissions, or «stocks», into a set of climate targets that are better informed by current climate science than emissions rates in a given year or long - term concentrations.

These changes in market structure to favor the few were accomplished by various means: lack of oversight leading to concentration of market power through mergers and acquisitions, outright government subsidies to industry in various forms, including explicit subsidies to the equities and housing markets (among others) by the Federal Reserve to create a trickle down «wealth effect» in those markets, changes in the tax structure which increase the concentration of wealth, etc..

The presence of feedback effects and tipping points calls into question some of the most fundamental assumptions of climate change negotiations, including the belief that we can «overshoot» to, say, 550 ppm and then work back to 450 ppm (the path advocated in the Stern and Garnaut reports), that greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere can be stabilised at some level, and the belief that we can adapt to some given degree of warming.

N (1) Natural mechanisms play well more than a negligible role (as claimed by the IPCC) in the net changes in the climate system, which includes temperature variations, precipitation patterns, weather events, etc., and the influence of increased CO2 concentrations on climatic changes are less pronounced than currently imagined.

For some time, the EU (supported by other parties) had been pushing for the adoption of «global pathways» that were in line with the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) findings: these included ensuring that global atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations stayed below 450 ppm (parts per million) and that we do not allow for a temperature increase above 2 degrees.

Impacts of large - scale and persistent changes in the MOC are likely to include changes to marine ecosystem productivity, fisheries, ocean carbon dioxide uptake, oceanic oxygen concentrations and terrestrial vegetation [Working Group I Fourth Assessment 10.3, 10.7; Working Group II Fourth Assessment 12.6, 19.3].

Temperature changes over time can be affected by various factors, including changes in Solar Radiation (SR) and in the Radiative Forcing (RF) attributable to rising atmospheric concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases.

Based on an extensive literature review, we suggest that (1) climate warming occurs with great uncertainty in the magnitude of the temperature increase; (2) both human activities and natural forces contribute to climate change, but their relative contributions are difficult to quantify; and (3) the dominant role of the increase in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (including CO2) in the global warming claimed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is questioned by the scientific communities because of large uncertainties in the mechanisms of natural factors and anthropogenic activities and in the sources of the increased atmospheric CO2 concentrchange, but their relative contributions are difficult to quantify; and (3) the dominant role of the increase in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (including CO2) in the global warming claimed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is questioned by the scientific communities because of large uncertainties in the mechanisms of natural factors and anthropogenic activities and in the sources of the increased atmospheric CO2 concentrChange (IPCC) is questioned by the scientific communities because of large uncertainties in the mechanisms of natural factors and anthropogenic activities and in the sources of the increased atmospheric CO2 concentration.

Changing climatic variables relevant to the function and distribution of plants include increasing CO2 concentrations, increasing global temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and changes in the pattern of «extreme» weather events such as cyclones, fires or storms.

Scientific confidence of the occurrence of climate change include, for example, that over at least the last 50 years there have been increases in the atmospheric concentration of CO2; increased nitrogen and soot (black carbon) deposition; changes in the surface heat and moisture fluxes over land; increases in lower tropospheric and upper ocean temperatures and ocean heat content; the elevation of sea level; and a large decrease in summer Arctic sea ice coverage and a modest increase in Antarctic sea ice coverage.

Causes of radiative forcing include changes in insolation and the concentrations of radiatively active gases, commonly known as greenhouse gases and aerosols.

We did not project 35 or 65 years of GDP because over that long of a period, uncertainties attributed to changing exposure concentrations in hazardous areas, changes in building codes and vulnerability, new or updated man - made defenses, and other factors including GDP itself will be significant and can not be predicted over such an extended period.

There is evidence that some extremes have changed as a result of anthropogenic influences, including increases in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.

Threats to marine biodiversity in the U.S. are the same as those for most of the world: overexploitation of living resources; reduced water quality; coastal development; shipping; invasive species; rising temperature and concentrations of carbon dioxide in the surface ocean, and other changes that may be consequences of global change, including shifting currents; increased number and size of hypoxic or anoxic areas; and increased number and duration of harmful algal blooms.

With respect to the first sentence, Federal Defendants admit that for over fifty years some officials and persons employed by the federal government have been aware of a growing body of scientific research concerning the effects of fossil fuel emissions on atmospheric concentrations of CO2 — including that increased concentrations of atmospheric CO2 could cause measurable long - lasting changes to the global climate, resulting in an array of severe deleterious effects to human beings, which will worsen over time.

It is known to all, including the scientists who wrote the IPCC report, that the change in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is driven by 2 things: 1) An accelerating upward trend in CO2 due to human caused emissions.

The issue is not CO2 being or not being a greenhouse gas that raises the surface temperature, it is the net effect in the atmosphere, including change in water vapor concentration, cloud effects, etc., being positive or negative feedbacks, resulting in a different balance.