Sentences with phrase «including changing the albedo»

In models that include indirect effects, different treatments of the indirect effect are used, including changing the albedo of clouds according to an off - line calculation (e.g., Tett et al., 2002) and a fully interactive treatment of the effects of aerosols on clouds (e.g., Stott et al., 2006b).

Not exact matches

That's pretty alarming, especially when considered in the context of other positive feedbacks including changes in albedo from melting icecaps and release of carbon and methane from thawing permafrost.

The measured energy imbalance accounts for all natural and human - made climate forcings, including changes of atmospheric aerosols and Earth's surface albedo.

Specification now of a CO2 target more precise than < 350 ppm is difficult and unnecessary, because of uncertain future changes of forcings including other gases, aerosols and surface albedo.

Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from ice > water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge melt revealing more land, and from more old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly warm, rain fall on ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; — melting of sea ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; — sea water getting under parts of the ice sheets where the base is below sea level; — melt water lubricating the ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)

The resulting increased / decreased ice is amplified by «various feedbacks, including ice - albedo, dust, vegetation and, of course, the carbon cycle which amplify the direct effects of the orbital changes.»

Volume change includes both the area reduction (change in ice coverage, albedo, and heat absorption / reflection) and the thickness (vulnerability).

«Soot snow / ice albedo climate forcing is not included in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change evaluations.

[Response: The albedo change, going from last glacial maximum to present (pre-industrial time) was about 3.5 + / -1 W / m ^ 2, whereas CO2 change (including other greenhouse gases) was about 2.6 + / - 0.5), and aerosols about 0.5 + / -1.

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

It is well known that multiple factors are involved, including the change in planetary albedo, change in nitrous oxide concentration, change in methane concentration, and change in CO2 concentration.

Increasing CO2 does increase the greenhouse effect, but there are other factors which determine climate, including solar irradiance, volcanism, albedo, orbital variations, continental drift, mountain building, variations in sea currents, changes in greenhouse gases, even cometary impacts.

When reconstructing Earth's climate history, it can't be explained without including all the various influences, including solar irradiance, volcanism, albedo, orbital variations, continental drift, mountain building, variations in sea currents, changes in greenhouse gases, even cometary impacts.

Other feedbacks include seasonal shift, latitudinal shift, changes in ice albedo and the carbon sink and many more.

Based on evidence from Earth's history, we suggest here that the relevant form of climate sensitivity in the Anthropocene (e.g. from which to base future greenhouse gas (GHG) stabilization targets) is the Earth system sensitivity including fast feedbacks from changes in water vapour, natural aerosols, clouds and sea ice, slower surface albedo feedbacks from changes in continental ice sheets and vegetation, and climate — GHG feedbacks from changes in natural (land and ocean) carbon sinks.

So they say CO2 will rise at a certain rate, albedo changes from deliberate land - use changes including urban growth may or may not be specified, but given their assumptions, that is the projected change.

By so doing, we are ignoring other low frequency forcings (such as long wavelength changes in TSI and albedo) which would have to be included to make any sense of the data.

When many causes all interact — and abrupt climate change candidates include the thermohaline circulation, the atmospheric circulation associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation, changes in tropical evaporation, and changes in albedo — the human mind needs some help.

The identified atmospheric feedbacks including changes in planetary albedo, in water vapour distribution and in meridional latent heat transport are all poorly represented in zonal energy balance model as the one used in [7] whereas they appear to be of primary importance when focusing on ancient greenhouse climates.

The cryosphere derives its importance to the climate system from a variety of effects, including its high reflectivity (albedo) for solar radiation, its low thermal conductivity, its large thermal inertia, its potential for affecting ocean circulation (through exchange of freshwater and heat) and atmospheric circulation (through topographic changes), its large potential for affecting sea level (through growth and melt of land ice), and its potential for affecting greenhouse gases (through changes in permafrost)(Chapter 4).

Who wudda thunk that albedo change including clouds would regulate the amount of solar energy absorbed?

Land use influences the climate system in many different ways including direct emissions from land - use change, hydrological impacts, biogeophysical impacts (such as changes in albedo and surface roughness), and the size of the remaining vegetation stock (influencing CO2 removal from the atmosphere).

The albedo change by latitude in the paper includes «surface» and «oceans».

I was surprised there was no mention of changes in global albedo or cloud cover in the paper, but I assume that AR5 includes them under «natural variability» rather than forcings.

Other forcings include changes of aerosols, solar irradiance, and Earth's surface albedo.

Specification now of a CO2 target more precise than < 350 ppm is difficult and unnecessary, because of uncertain future changes of forcings including other gases, aerosols and surface albedo.

The measured energy imbalance accounts for all natural and human - made climate forcings, including changes of atmospheric aerosols and Earth's surface albedo.

Global temps vary for many reasons beyond CO2 levels including but not limited to: planetary motion, changes in albedo, stratospheric aerosols, and solar variability to name a few, but the only area of genuine study by the IPCC has been rising CO2 levels.

When diagnosed within a GCM framework, the semi-direct effect can also include cloud changes due to circulation effects and / or surface albedo effects.

Other potential causes of climate change include the depletion of stratospheric ozone in recent decades, again through human activities, and global changes in the surface reflectivity — or albedo — of the planet, as we modify the patterns of vegetation that cover the land.

These processes include arctic clouds and their radiative impacts, sea - ice albedo changes, surface energy fluxes, vertical momentum transfer, and ocean vertical heat transport.

Other types of forcing that vary across the ensemble include solar variability, the indirect effects of aerosols on clouds and the effects of land use change on land surface albedo and other land surface properties (Table 10.1).

In short there are difficult to predict volcano eruptions, varying ocean circulation, clouds and more clouds, a varying sun (both TSI and larger frequency deltas), changing vegetation albedo, atmospheric albedo including 03, earth's position and orientation and more including cosmic rays.

Temperature changes induced by sun and oceans drive air circulation changes which drive changes in every aspect of climate including convection, conduction, evaporation, condensation, precipitation, windiness, cloudiness, albedo and humidity as regards both quantities and distribution.

(iii) Feedbacks including albedo and water vapour changes will also act to increase temperatures.

Internal variability doesn't imply an absence of radiative forcing but includes albedo changes from clouds, dust, snow and ice, vegetation and volcanoes.

The black line, reconstructed from ISCCP satellite data, «is a purely statistical parameter that has little physical meaning as it does not account for the non-linear relations between cloud and surface properties and planetary albedo and does not include aerosol related albedo changes such as associated with Mt. Pinatubo, or human emissions of sulfates for instance» (Real Climate).

Several mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain this reduced temperature gradient, including increased poleward heat transport, decreased ice albedo, and changes in cloud cover (Fedorov et al., 2006).

Seems to me David's mistake is not noticing that the rapid events are internal to the climate system, not external; they may cause fast changes in albedo for example for a while; and they are modeled, see Dr. Bitz's work on Arctic sea ice, or any model including volcanos or Atlantic deep water currents etc..

The climate history of Earth during the glacial - interglacial cycles of the last 1 million years provides an essential context for an understanding of current climate changes, including the relations between solar irradiance, greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing, albedo changes and global temperatures.

It is logical to presume that changes in Earth's albedo are due to increases and decreases in low cloud cover, which in turn is related to the climate change that we have observed during the 20th Century, including the present global cooling.

But in the GISS - E2 - R historical and single forcing simulations, only the albedo effect of land use change appears to have been included.