Toxicity is a significant concern with CAR T - cell therapies, since they have the capacity to elicit not only expected serious adverse events but also unexpected ones,
including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurologic toxicity, «on target / off tumor» recognition, and anaphylaxis.
But while the technology itself is undeniably exciting, some companies, like Juno Therapeutics, have been struggling with the reality of dangerous side effects
including cytokine release syndrome and brain swelling during trials.
Not exact matches
CAR - T treatments,
including competing products from Novartis rivals Kite Pharma and Juno Therapeutics, come with the risk of potentially deadly side effects such as
cytokine -
release syndrome (CRS), in which a glut of T - cell - assisting
cytokines can cause high fever, low blood pressure, and problems with lung oxygenation.
In the brain,
cytokines can disrupt the production and
release of several important signaling chemicals,
including serotonin, dopamine and glutamate, which help control emotion, appetite, sleep, learning and memory.
In normal immune responses, a second type of helper cells, known as TH2, secrete another batch of
cytokines,
including one called interleukin - 4 (IL - 4) that turns off the
cytokine release from TH1 cells.
Infections set off the
release of
cytokines, which are proteins that trigger inflammatory responses,
including a rush of lymphocytes and the sacrifice of virus - compromised cells.
[13] Effector sites
include areas such as the lamina propria, exocrine gland stroma, and surface epithelia, where mature lymphocytes perform their functions, such as
releasing cytokines and secreting antibodies.
Having chronic inflammation causes a cascade of events —
including release of inflammatory markers called
cytokines.
Chemicals are
released by the white blood vessels,
including cytokines and histamines, which can trigger an increase in blood flow to the area.