For example, prenatal maternal anxiety is associated with an altered function of the placenta, in a way that may allow more cortisol to pass from mother to fetus.8 This probably underlies some of the
alterations in fetal and child brain neurodevelopment following early exposure to stress and may also be one of the mediators of an altered
epigenetic profile, although many other biological systems,
including serotonin, dopamine and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, are also likely to be involved.