Not exact matches
Gates has invested in several renewable fuels companies,
including Pacific
Ethanol and Sapphire Energy; the latter intends to
produce gasoline from algae.
LanzaTech has partnered with Global Fortune 500 Companies and others to use this technology,
including facilities that can each
produce 100,000 gallons per year of
ethanol, and a number of chemical ingredients for the manufacture of plastics.
He developed an innovative microdialysis approach that allows the in vivo sampling of lipid signaling molecules in the brain (
including endocannabinoids) and has demonstrated that voluntary self - administration of
ethanol, heroin, and cocaine
produces distinct drug - and region - specific changes in brain endocannabinoid levels.
Ethanol fuel is
produced from sugar cane in Brazil and from the cellulose of a wide variety of plants,
including cornstalks, poplar trees, and switch grass, as well as waste left over from the forest products industry, wheat, oat, and barley straw.
Estimating fossil CO2
produced from, for example, a grain
ethanol program takes attention from voters,
including scientists.
All such «life cycle» studies attempt to estimate all the carbon emissions created by
producing and burning
ethanol,
including carbon released from soil by plowing and from fuel burned in planting, harvesting and refining.
Crops can also be used to
produce automotive fuels,
including both
ethanol and biodiesel.
And finally on the renewable fuels side, it
includes a $ 20 million program to build a cellulosic
ethanol facility to create the first pilot - plant (we hope) that will
produce ethanol from woody biomass as opposed to corn, and thereby drastically raising the energy balance of the
ethanol.
Other countries
producing ethanol from food crops, though in relatively small amounts,
include China, Canada, France, and Germany.
Another plus is that
ethanol produced from second - generation feedstock has high performance and compatibility with traditional combustion engines and current energy infrastructure,
including refineries and pipelines.
Amyris, which is based in Emeryville, CA, uses the tools of a new field called synthetic biology to reengineer microbes,
including yeast that can ferment sugar to
produce hydrocarbons instead of
ethanol.
The most water - efficient energy sources are natural gas (though we may be just about out of it) and synthetic fuels
produced by coal gasification; the least efficient are
ethanol and biodiesel — the biofuels just can't catch a break these days, can they?Water use winners and losers The research pair analyzed 11 types of energy sources,
including coal, fuel
ethanol, natural gas, and oil; and five power generating methods,
including hydroelectric, fossil fuel thermoelectric, and nuclear methods; in terms of power generation, Younos and Hill have found that geothermal and hydroelectric energy types use the least amount of water, while nuclear plants use the most.