Sentences with phrase «including galactic cosmic rays»

Not exact matches

Solar particles are just one form of radiation astronauts will have to contend with on a deep - space mission, however, including X-rays, gamma rays, and — above all — galactic cosmic rays.

Critics of this result might argue that the solar forcing in these experiments is only based on the estimated change in total irradiance, which might be an underestimate, or that does not include potential indirect amplifying effects (via an ozone response to UV changes, or galactic cosmic rays affecting clouds).

These include solar - related chemical - based UV irradiance - related variations in stratospheric temperatures and galactic cosmic ray - related changes in cloud cover and surface temperatures, as well as ocean oscillations, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation that significant affect the climate.

We note that, there will still be a continuing role for simpler models to investigate and improve the simulation of specific mechanisms, including the development of models that investigate possible influences of galactic cosmic rays on cloud formation (see section 4.4).

And noting «zonal mean - winds constitute an important element of global atmospheric circulation,» they go on to suggest,» if the solar cycle can influence zonal mean - winds, then it may affect other features of global climate as well, including oscillations such as the NAO and MJO, of which zonal winds are an ingredient» Thus, «the cause of this forcing» as they describe it, «likely involves some combination of solar wind, galactic cosmic rays, ionosphere - Earth currents and cloud microphysics.»

Climate science's foundational problem is in ignoring evidence, including climate persistence, ocean / atmospheric oscillations, solar variations, galactic cosmic rays, magnetic fields, planetary variations and nonlinear chaotic factors.

Other applications of past geomagnetic field reconstructions include investigations of atmospheric ionisation by galactic cosmic rays (e.g., Usoskin et al. 2008, 2010) or in - situ cosmogenic nuclide production rates to study Earth surface processes (e.g., Pigati & Lifton 2004; Lifton et al. 2008).

The procedure should include non-TSI solar effects, such as from galactic cosmic rays.