Sentences with phrase «including land»

The global Human — Earth System framework we propose, and represent schematically in Fig. 6, combines not only data collection, analysis techniques, and Dynamic Modeling, but also Data Assimilation, to bidirectionally couple an ESM containing subsystems for Global Atmosphere, Land (including both Land — Vegetation and Land - Use models) and Ocean and Ice, to a Human System Model with subsystems for Population Demographics, Water, Energy, Agriculture, Industry, Construction, and Transportation.

There are many other human - induced stresses on life, including land conversion with habitat destruction, species overharvesting, homogenization of biota, and ubiquitous toxins, which must be dealt with, yet global warming caused by fossil fuel burning may be a unique threat because of the millennial time scale of anthropogenic carbon within surface carbon reservoirs.

(b) Pistone et al. (2014) shows that the decrease in Arctic albedo (including land snow, sea ice and black carbon effects) beyond that previously assumed results in additional radiative forcing equal to 1/4 of the CO ₂ in the atmosphere.

In an effort to avoid a repeat of past fire and haze crises, President Joko «Jokowi» Widodo issued several policies governing the management of peatlands, including a land - swap mechanism that allows companies to trade carbon - dense areas in their concessions for lands elsewhere as a means to reduce fire risk.

Global change science has focused on the emergence of industrial processes over the past three centuries as the critical period within which anthropogenic global change processes, including land use, became significant forces driving global changes in the Earth System (14 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ — 18).

Signing up for a login will allow you to see more content including land reanalysis and more content in each category.

Chan and Au - Yeung say that their research shows the importance of including land - surface variation in hurricane forecasting in the future.

To make this important point (this isn't semantics) another way, it requires only 12 zettajoules to raise GMST by 1 full degree including land to a depth of 6m and ocean to a depth of 1m (which I'm arbitrarily considering the «surface») so it is not sensible to state or imply that 150 zettajoules of heat added to oceans the last 10 years (for example) was «instead of» GMST going up an additional 0.3 degrees or some such over that 10 years.

This oil is considered to be the most destructive oil in terms of it's impact on the environment, including the land, water, and climate change.

The total price per unit (including land, construction and soft costs) was $ 236,000.

Other sources, including land use change, forestry and agriculture account for around a third of emissions.

Northeast cities have employed a variety of mechanisms to respond to climate change, including land - use planning, provisions to protect infrastructure, regulations related to the design and construction of buildings, and emergency preparation, response, and recovery.106 While significant progress has been made, local governments still face limitations of legal authority, geographic jurisdiction, and resource constraints that could be addressed through effective engagement and support from higher levels of government.

An early 2008 study led by Tim Searchinger of Princeton University that was published in Science used a global agricultural model to show that when including the land clearing in the tropics, expanding U.S. biofuel production increased annual greenhouse gas emissions dramatically instead of reducing them, as more narrowly based studies claimed.

The average cost of new house construction in the US according to the National Association of Home Builders NAHB was nearly $ 250k in 2013 (not including land).

In a report to be handed to political leaders in Stockholm on Monday, they will say that the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation have now led to a warming of the entire globe, including land surfaces, oceans and the atmosphere.

Put another way, the pre-1950, the all - natural decadal trend rate of +1.30 °C exceeds the +0.89 °C modern decadal trend attributed to anthropogenic forces (including land - use, the UHI effect, and of course, greenhouse gases).

Socio - economic processes, including land - use change (e.g., forestry to agriculture; agriculture to urban area) and land - cover modification (e.g., ecosystem degradation or restoration) also affect multiple systems.

Chapter 4 addresses the energy supply sector, including carbon capture and storage; Chapter 5 transport and associated infrastructures; Chapter 6 the residential, commercial and service sectors; Chapter 7 the industrial sector, including internal recycling and the reuse of industrial wastes; Chapters 8 and 9 the agricultural and forestry sectors, respectively, including land use and biological carbon sequestration; Chapter 10 waste management, post-consumer recycling and reuse.

They calculated the full - cycle land use required to generate 1 megawatt of electricity from each source of energy in 2015, including the land required to drill and mine for natural gas and coal, the processing and transportation requirements and the power plant footprint.

- Some important challenges, including land use and environmental challenges, must be properly addressed.

It illustrates the pace of environmental change, including land - use change, urban growth, degradation of marine and coastal areas, altered hydrology and shrinking water bodies, loss of habitats and the impacts of climate change.

In 2017, overall CO2 emissions — including land use — are likely to increase by around 1.5 %, as land - use emissions are estimated to remain roughly the same as in 2016.

The IPCC also reports that the resilience of many ecosystems around the world is likely to be exceeded this century by an unprecedented combination of climate change; disturbances associated with climate change, such as flooding, drought, wildfire, and insects; and other global change - drivers, including land - use changes, pollution, habitat fragmentation, urbanization, and growing human populations and economies.

Increased mobility connectivity, including land - use planning to promote less driving as a way to cut emissions.

Now, though, EnBW has dramatically expanded its wind energy operations, including both land - based and offshore wind farms.

The analysis uses an expanded system boundary including land disturbance - induced GHG emissions and also... Read more →

«The growth of wind energy in Oklahoma has led to many rural land owners, including land owned by schools, receiving significant annual royalties,» said Jim D. Mason, director of economic and community development.

But the organisations say biofuels policies are expanding palm oil plantations, and this has devastating and often irreversible consequences including land grabs, hunger, rising greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation.

The input data are daily temperature from 1,486 meteorological stations in the Northern Hemisphere, including land - and drifting - stations from the Arctic.

This will undershoot climate sensitivity by 1/2 since he is not including land values.

These lines were labelled «All SRES envelope including land ice uncertainty» in the TAR SPM and extended the range up to 88 cm, adding 18 cm at the top end.

The school also generates significant income from real estate it owns, including the land under the Chrysler Building, but the value of those properties has also been dropping.

Varola has invited a range of internationally recognized artists, curators, galleries and non-profits to designLAb including LAND, Alex Israel, Piero Golia, Diana Thater, Walead Beshty, Will Ryman, Peter Zellner, Tejo Remy, Patrick Painter, Blum & Poe, Paul Young, Christopher W Mount, Industry, Nobuo Sekine, Elena Manfredi, Honor Fraser, Tracy Williams and Christopher Grimes.

It was only in the early 1900s, after a number of substantial gifts, including the land that's now under the Chrysler Building, that Abram Hewitt made the school free for all.

For most of that time, the school was able to offer a free education because income from its endowment — it owns valuable Manhattan real estate, including the land under the Chrysler Building — covered expenses.

John P. Stern, President of Storm King, says, «From its founding, Storm King has prioritized environmental projects, including land conservation and reclamation of industrial sites.

He established a charter for Cooper Union that would enable students to receive a college education free of charge, funded by rent on high - profile properties the university owns, including the land on which the Chrysler Building now stands.

The school has considerable real estate holdings, including the land beneath the Chrysler Building, and rent from these properties makes up about half of its operating budget.

Since the late 1960s, Nancy Holt has created a far - reaching body of work, including Land Art, films, videos, site - specific installations, artist's books, concrete poetry and major sculpture commissions.

Both land and air - based vehicles are accessible, as are a number of new weapons, including land mines, rocket - propelled grenades, and stationary gun turrets.

Your commander can construct the basics, including land, sea and air factories, plus low - level defensive structures like laser towers and AA guns.

They arranged all my tours including a land tour, kayaking tour and this snorkeling on Yap tour.

In total, including land and marine resources, over 10 million acres are under some form of conservation management, totaling approximately 26 percent of the nation's territory.

Works in cooperation with our partners, including land management agencies, business associates, and educational organizations.

Enjoy tropical paradise, including both land and marine natural attractions, in the legendary regions of Flores and Komodo, Indonesia.

Learn the history of the islands and see endemic and native flora and fauna, including Land Iguanas and the ever - popular Giant Tortoise.

The total projected «turn - the - lights - on» cost of the 20,000 + square foot project is $ 6.5 million, including land acquisition, site work, construction, professional fees, and furniture, fixtures and equipment.

While he is also an advocate for the restoration of post war communities (including land mine removal efforts), Goldsmith has recently aimed his efforts towards the Morris Animal Foundation, a non-profit research group that pursues advancements in veterinary medicine and technology.

When you sell the spec home, you will owe taxes on the sales price minus the cost of the home, including the land, materials, paid labor, and other expenses.

Two years later, Mancini sold that store for a $ 100,000 profit, paid back his parents, and bought his current convenience store, including the land it stands on, for $ 450,000.