Sentences with phrase «income children tend»

Not exact matches

As your child grows, the Franklin Templeton age - based asset allocations will automatically reallocate a percentage of your assets from equity - oriented funds (which tend to hold more stocks) into more conservative, income - seeking funds (such as bond and money market funds).

• Fathers from lower income families tend to be both more adversely affected by the birth and to spend less time with their handicapped children than higher income and better educated fathers (for review, see Lamb & Laumann - Billings, 1997).

In fact, according to a study in Breastfeeding Medicine, mothers with lower rates of breastfeeding «tend to be young, low - income, African American, unmarried, less educated, participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), overweight or obese before pregnancy, and more likely to report their pregnancy was unintended.»

As part of the study, researchers conducted interviews with mothers of infants from the Athens community, including 12 from the Athens branch of Women, Infants and Children, or WIC, which serves low - income mothers, and nine from Full Bloom Pregnancy and Early Parenting Center, which tends to serve middle income, highly educated mothers, Anderson said.

Children from low - income families tend to do worse at school than their better - off peers.

On the other hand, children from families with lower incomes and with less educated parents tend to be under - vaccinated because they lack access to resources.

Children as young as 4 years old may reap better health from altruistic giving, a behavior that tends to be less common among kids from high - income families, according to new research on the nature and nurture of altruism published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

Children whose parents are more educated and have better jobs and higher incomes tend to have stronger math and reading skills than their peers.

People with college degrees, however, tend to work in stable jobs with better incomes allowing for the emotional and material commitment of marriage and having children within marriage.

Funds are distributed to providers and families through mechanisms such as federally funded Head Start programs, public pre-kindergarten programs that are funded primarily by states or local jurisdictions, and state Child Care Assistance Programs, which tend to target resources to low - income families, as well as tax preferences that benefit middle - and upper - income families.

Overall, studies in the field indicate that children from low - income families tend to show the most gains from social emotional learning interventions, but results for other groups of students are more mixed, although a number of studies show positive effects.

Effects on family income may reflect a) increases in one's own income, b) increases in other income due to increases in the likelihood of being married, or c) increases in the income of one's family members (which is likely if children tend to marry individuals who were also affected by spending increases).

Much prior research has focused on children from middle - to upper - class families, who in general tend to outpace those from low - income families in the rate at which their vocabulary size expands.

This is particularly important for low - income students, who tend to learn most content in school and, unlike affluent children of college - educated parents, generally do not get to benefit from trips to museums, story times at the library, and other opportunities.

In this case, the relationship between price and family income might be partly driven by cost of living, i.e., in higher cost of living areas incomes and child care prices both tend to be higher.

Yet when fictional classrooms are filled with lower - income minority children, the teachers tend to be superheroes who triumph over poverty and racism by sheer force of personality and perseverance.

Nationwide, about one in 10 children must repeat at least one grade, and they tend to be disproportionately low - income or come from minority groups.

At a panel convened last week by the Public School Forum of N.C., a research and advocacy group in Raleigh, Tulbert was one of several principals at low - performing schools — many of them teeming with low - income children — who described how their children tend to arrive lagging behind their middle - class and upper - class peers.

The schools, which deliver instruction entirely or primarily via the internet, tend to attract lower - income, lower - performing white students, then fail to provide those children with the supports they need, the study concluded.

At the same time, there are still citizens — especially dual - income households without children who tend to populate cities, as well as those concerned with other issues — for which education policy doesn't weigh in as a deciding factor largely because they see little concrete connection between low graduation rates and the levels of crime in their communities.

They found that professional parents tend to chat away to their children, using sophisticated language even before kids are old enough to understand, while low - income parents tend to speak far less and use more directives: «Do this, don't do that.»

This is particularly important for low - income students, who tend to learn most content in school and, unlike affluent children of college - educated parents, generally do not benefit from trips to museums, story times at the library, and other opportunities.

As for cultural diversity, research has shown that schools that do the best job of educating low - income students tend to favor a traditional curriculum, strict discipline, and a paternalistic environment, whereas typical middle - class schools tend to be less structured and more child - centric.

Research shows that they hear about 30 million fewer words, they have significantly lower exposure to books, and their impulse control and self - regulation — often called executive function — tend to be less developed than in higher income children.

Children of low - income families, including many African American students, would especially gain from these improvements because they tend to be in schools lacking many of these elements.

McIntosh's charges come amid growing claims from school choice critics that charters — publicly - funded schools with broad flexibility in their curriculum and staffing — may «cherrypick» or intentionally exclude some high - needs students, serving decidedly fewer low - income children and children with disabilities, populations that also tend to trail their peers academically.

We generally tend to save more for goals such as Kid's education or a home purchase and less for retirement, may be because we are more likely to expect our retirement years to be financed by income of other family members (children).

«Households with relatively high incomes, couples with children, and people living in growing regions tend to cause overall debt levels to rise,» says Roger Sauvé, a demographer at People Patterns Consulting.

AMT marriage penalties, combined with the fact that married couples often have children and tend to have higher incomes than single individuals, make married couples more than six times as likely as singles to pay the AMT.

Significant investments may be required to ensure that power generation keeps up with rising demand associated with rising temperatures.38, 39 Finally, vulnerability to heat waves is not evenly distributed throughout urban areas; outdoor versus indoor air temperatures, air quality, baseline health, and access to air conditioning are all dependent on socioeconomic factors.29 Socioeconomic factors that tend to increase vulnerability to such hazards include race and ethnicity (being a minority), age (the elderly and children), gender (female), socioeconomic status (low income, status, or poverty), and education (low educational attainment).

Lost income — Whiplash can make it difficult to perform the duties of many different types of jobs, including heavy lifting, construction work, tending to children, or even standing or sitting in one place.

Because child support is established based on the parents» incomes and factors in costs that tend to vary over time (such as health insurance and childcare), it is highly likely that over time child support will need to be modified.

My friends in the [$ 250,000 + income bracket that would be subject to tax increases] tend to have have high mortgages, work 60 - 80 hours a week, pay 40 - 50K or more a year for child care (a nanny is necessary when you often work into the late evening — and even day care for two kids in the DC area costs close to 40K a year), and have six figures worth of student loans, primarily from professional school, that they are still paying off.

As a result he claimed that his income tended to fluctuate, and when at their lowest he had difficulty meeting his ongoing monthly child support payments.

Testing the hypothesis that certain maternal feeding behaviors increase children's adiposity is difficult because the suspect feeding behaviors tend to cluster within low - income and minority populations, which have a higher risk of childhood obesity (22, 23).

For low - income families headed by single mothers, the associations between maternal employment and children's cognitive and social development tend to be neutral or positive, but much of this difference is a function of pre-existing differences between mothers who are or are not employed.2, 3,4,5 The effects of maternal employment on children's development also depend on the characteristics of employment — its quality, extent and timing — and on the child's age.2, 6,7 On the other hand, poverty has consistently negative associations with young children's development, but here, too, there is considerable controversy about the causal role of income per se, as opposed to other correlates of poverty.8, 9,10,11,12,13

Because low - income, unmarried parents often have new partners and father additional children, these families tend to be very complex and unstable.

Their children tend to display more behavioural problems and less prosocial behaviour than children born to mothers with higher family incomes.1 - 13 To what extent and in what ways income differences may be the cause of children's behavioural problems are therefore crucial research and policy questions.

Despite decades of research describing the harmful effects of family poverty on children's emotional and behavioral development, eg,12 - 17 experimental or quasi-experimental manipulations of family income that could go beyond description are rare18 and tend to examine the effect of such manipulations on physical health or academic attainment, rather than emotional or behavioral functioning.19, 20 Other analyses of the Great Smoky Mountains data set have focused on educational and criminal outcomes.21 The few studies looking at emotional or behavioral outcomes tend to have a short time frame.22, 23 Some studies of school - based interventions have followed up with children through to adulthood, 24,25 but we have found none that have looked at the long - term effects of family income supplementation on adult psychological functioning.

For example, African American parents tend to use more physical punishment than European American parents (Deater - Deckard, Dodge, Bates, & Pettit, 1996), and African American children who live in low - income neighborhoods tend to be more aggressive than European American children (Kupersmidt, Griesler, DeRosier, Patterson, & Davis, 1995).

By age four, the average low - income child has heard 30 million fewer words than her higher - income peers, as low - income parents tend to talk with their children much less than parents with higher incomes.6 While education can be a powerful remedy for such disparities, far too few preschools are prepared to meet the challenge.7

Recent research conducted in mainland China found that obesity prevalence was higher among children in wealthier families, 4 but the patterns were different in Hong Kong with higher rates of childhood obesity among lower income families.4 5 Hong Kong, despite having a per capita gross domestic product of Hong Kong dollar (HK$) 273 550, has large income differences between rich and poor as reflected by a high Gini coefficient of 0.539 reported in 2016; approximately 20 % of the population are living in poverty as defined by a monthly household income below half of the Hong Kong median.6 It is widely accepted that population health tend to be worse in societies with greater income inequalities, and hence low - income families in these societies are particularly at risk of health problems.7 In our previous study, children from Hong Kong Chinese low - income families experienced poorer health and more behavioural problems than other children in the population at similar age.8 Adults from these families also reported poorer health - related quality of life (HRQOL), 9 with 6.1 % of the parents having a known history of mental illness and 18.2 % of them reporting elevated level of stress.

Compared with married couples with children, cohabiting couples with children tend to be younger, less educated, lower — income, and have less secure employment.

Fact:» [C] hildren who grow up in poor or low - income families tend to have lower educational and vocational attainments, are more likely to become teenage parents, and are more likely to become welfare recipients than more affluent children.

While most studies carried out in this area of research tend to find that income has an independent effect even when potential mediators have been adjusted for, 35,37,44 others have managed to fully «explain'the direct effect of family income.24 Nevertheless, it is important to bear in mind that the identification of pathways through which parental income affects children's intellectual development is not to prove income unimportant.

It is important to note that in New Jersey, since alimony is a component of income for calculation of child support, there tends to be parity of net incomes between the parties following a divorce for longer - term marriages.

The choices people make when deciding where to live tend to be driven by their current circumstances, such as their income, health, and whether they have children, but people tend to avoid thinking about how things will change as they get older and their needs evolve.