Sentences with phrase «income urban children»

However, little work has been done to incorporate the voices of youth in understanding the range of adverse experiences that low - income urban children face.

After - school activities and the development of low - income urban children: A longitudinal study.

It's unfair and unnecessary to risk confusing children with topics — sailing, BMX racing, snowshoeing — that low - income urban children, in particular, are likely to know little about and have no out - of - school experience with.

Not exact matches

A study of low - income, urban US fathers, which controlled for age, ethnicity, education, cohabitation and quality of relationship with the child's mother, found that the hours fathers spent «hustling» for work were correlated with low involvement with their children (Cina, 2005).

The United States is failing to seriously address lead poisoning in its low - income communities, a severe public health threat touching more than 535,000 children a year, Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julián Castro said Wednesday.

The United States is failing to seriously address lead poisoning in its low - income communities, a severe public health threat touching more than 535,000 children a year, Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julián Castro said.

In the current study, the researchers evaluated whether INSIGHTS supports the behavior and academic skills of children in urban, low - income schools, and whether the relationship between teachers and their students made an impact.

Such an expansion would particularly benefit residents of medically underserved urban and rural communities who otherwise lack ready access to primary care services, especially adults with serious and chronic health conditions that can be cared for in primary care settings, women of childbearing age, children and the low - income elderly.

Previous studies show that in many low - income urban areas, mouse allergens — proteins found primarily in the animals» urine that trigger allergic symptoms — are present in the homes of nearly all children who have asthma, says Matsui.

It affects a disproportionally higher percentage of low - income, urban minority children, and is also the most common disease - related reason for children missing school.

U.S. Private Schools Increasingly Serve Affluent Families (Vox CEPR's Policy Portal) Richard Murnane discusses how fewer middle - class children are now enrolled in private schools and that an increase in residential segregation by income in the US means that urban public and urban private schools have less socioeconomic diversity than they had decades ago.

In addition, the working conditions in urban schools serving low - income children are likely to be rigid, rule - bound, and unpleasant, none of which facilitates enthusiasm among teachers or fosters academic learning.

The one unambiguous, reform - driven victory of the last two decades has been the successful networks of urban charter schools that we used to call «no excuses» schools before the term, which once meant there's no excuse for adults to fail children, fell into disrepute and it became de rigueur within the movement to criticize those schools» discipline practices instead of applauding them for sending tens of thousands of low - income kids of color to college, which not long ago was nearly the entire point of the movement.

For example, Krueger (1998) uses data from the NAEP and documents test score increases over time, with large improvements for disadvantaged children from poor urban areas; the Current Population Survey shows declining dropout rates since 1975 for those from the lowest income quartile (Digest of Education Statistics, NCES 2012).

Problems exist in large urban districts and in low - income rural areas, elites often concede, but they have convinced themselves that at least their own children are receiving an excellent education in their affluent suburban districts.

This would seem to be a simple matter of common sense in affluent communities, but it represents a form of privilege, it seems, in schools serving low - income, urban children.

Last September, there was a groundbreaking study from the Urban Institute that looked at long - term outcomes in the Florida Tax Credit Scholarship program, which awards scholarships to eligible children from low - income families.

According to a 2002 study of children in Dane County, Wisconsin, by urban - policy consultant David Rusk, low - income children at schools with a middle - class majority scored 20 - 32 percent higher on standardized tests compared with what their scores would be at schools with a lower percentage of middle - class students.

Buying a home in Greenwich or Grosse Point or Chevy Chase so your child can attend a great public school certainly involves a hefty means test — and if you don't agree, ask the low - income folks in the urban centers down the road.

For me, the urban environment is rich beyond belief, yet the unequal methods through which resources are hoarded and parsed out, particularly in the age of gentrification, has everything to do with how successful our low - income children (disproportionately children of color) can be.

-LSB-...] big battles over school vouchers in American education have focused on programs serving low - income children who live in urban areas.

As Elaine Maag at the Urban - Brookings Tax Policy Center puts it, the proposed increase in the Child Tax Credit under the Framework would «provide no additional benefit for very low - income families; roughly replace the Framework's proposal to repeal personal exemptions for most middle - income families; and slightly increase taxes for higher income families.»

As president and CEO of the Harlem Children's Zone (HCZ), a nonprofit geared toward helping low income children and families in New York City, Canada has improved the lives of thousands of children in urban settings through education and sChildren's Zone (HCZ), a nonprofit geared toward helping low income children and families in New York City, Canada has improved the lives of thousands of children in urban settings through education and schildren and families in New York City, Canada has improved the lives of thousands of children in urban settings through education and schildren in urban settings through education and services.

Launched in 2011, the National Summer Learning Project is looking at whether and how large - scale summer learning programs led by public school districts can help benefit children in low - income urban communities.

Her current, collaborative projects include studies of Head Start children's literacy learning and teacher communities (the EPIC study), family engagement, and parent involvement; young fathers in urban settings; health and educational disparities within low - income communities; children of incarcerated parents; and intergenerational learning within African - American and Latino families.

The plight of America's low - income, urban children has been well - documented, through films, such asWaiting for Superman and popular books like Jonathan Kozol's Savage Inequalities and Alex Kotlowitz» There Are No Childrchildren has been well - documented, through films, such asWaiting for Superman and popular books like Jonathan Kozol's Savage Inequalities and Alex Kotlowitz» There Are No ChildrenChildren Here.

Investigation of Dimensions of Social - Emotional Classroom Behavior and School Readiness for Low - Income Urban Preschool Children

These toolkit resources have inspired children, ages 6 - 9, and their families from low - income, urban communities to get outside, get moving, have fun, and learn science together.

The children were from predominantly low to middle income urban families with at least 60 % of them eligible for free and reduced lunch.

«Until now, we didn't know if urban school districts could offer high - quality summer learning programs for low - income students and whether they would make a difference for children,» said Will Miller, president of The Wallace Foundation.

Leading Educators» programming is the backbone of an ambitious strategy to significantly increase academic achievement among lower income children who attend the nearly 120 district, charter, and religious schools in the Greater Grand Rapids urban area.

Despite lack of empirical evidence that an infusion of federal money into state and urban school budgets improved the education or schools of low - income children, ESEA has been re-authorized over the years, and with increased appropriations in each successive version.

Research from MIT, Stanford and Harvard have repeatedly documented that in states with comprehensive charter school laws, public charter schools outperform traditional public schools, especially those serving students who are low - income, living in urban communities, are children of color and are English - language learners.

Many conditions can prevent low - income urban parents from becoming involved in their children's schools.

Prenatal exposure to pesticides — common in agricultural areas as well as low - income urban neighborhoods, where the chemicals are used to control cockroaches and other insects — can significantly affect a child's ability to succeed in school, a trio of new studies finds.

Significant investments may be required to ensure that power generation keeps up with rising demand associated with rising temperatures.38, 39 Finally, vulnerability to heat waves is not evenly distributed throughout urban areas; outdoor versus indoor air temperatures, air quality, baseline health, and access to air conditioning are all dependent on socioeconomic factors.29 Socioeconomic factors that tend to increase vulnerability to such hazards include race and ethnicity (being a minority), age (the elderly and children), gender (female), socioeconomic status (low income, status, or poverty), and education (low educational attainment).

Urban agriculture may provide some advantages over other jobs and income earning opportunities for women in lower income groups, like the low capital needed to start farming, the possibility to combine this activity with attending children, less travelling (and related costs in money and time) to the city centre or better off neighbourhoods for an (often informal e.g. housekeeping) job.

Urban agriculture may provide some advantages over other jobs and income earning opportunities for women in lower income groups, like the low capital needed to start farming, the possibility to combine this activity with attending children, less

Many Ghanaians spend 10 to 20 percent of their income on drinking water, forcing many poor urban families to take their children out of school to help cover costs.

Overall, Hordaland county is considered representative of Norway with regards to gender and rural / urban residence distribution, and the median household income is also similar to that of the national average.37 In the period 2005 — 2010, the mean proportion of children characterised as being relative poor (see details below) in Hordaland county was slightly lower (7.3 %) than in the country as a whole (8.9 %).

The results show that: 1) In the view of gender, admission category, urban and rural sources, whether the only child, and family income point, there were significant differences in the behaviors in emergency situations.

These included characteristics on multiple levels of the child's biopsychosocial context: (1) child factors: race / ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, and Asian / Pacific Islander / Alaska Native), age, gender, 9 - month Bayley Mental and Motor scores, birth weight (normal, moderately low, or very low), parent - rated child health (fair / poor vs good / very good / excellent), and hours per week in child care; (2) parent factors: maternal age, paternal age, SES (an ECLS - B — derived variable that includes maternal and paternal education, employment status, and income), maternal marital status (married, never married, separated / divorced / widowed), maternal general health (fair / poor versus good / very good / excellent), maternal depression (assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale at 9 months and the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview at 2 years), prenatal use of tobacco and alcohol (any vs none), and violence against the mother; (3) household factors: single - parent household, number of siblings (0, 1, 2, or 3 +), language spoken at home (English vs non-English), neighborhood good for raising kids (excellent / very good, good, or fair / poor), household urbanicity (urban city, urban county, or rural), and modified Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment — Short Form (HOME - SF) score.

The program originally developed in Elmira served primarily white, rural adolescent mothers (400 mothers, divided into four different treatment groups) for whom data are available through the child's fifteenth birthday.27 It was replicated in Memphis with an urban sample of 1,139 predominantly African American adolescent mothers and their children who have been followed through age nine28 and in Denver with an ethnically diverse sample of 735 low - income mothers and their children who have been followed through age four.29 Beginning in 1996, NFP programs began expanding to other states using a mix of private, local, and federal funds.

Sharon Bzostek, «Social Fathers and Child Wellbeing,» Journal of Marriage and Family 70, no. 4 (2008): 950 — 61; Maureen Black, Howard Dubowitz, and Raymond Starr Jr., «African American Fathers in Low - Income, Urban Families: Development, Behavior, and Home Environment of Their Three Year Old Children,» Child Development 70, no. 4 (1999): 967 — 78.

Residential smoking restrictions are not associated with reduced child SHS exposure in a baseline sample of low - income, urban African Americans

From gender, enrollment category, different urban and rural sources, whether only one child, different family income levels that 5 aspects were compared.

Measuring adverse experiences is important for urban economically distressed children, who, in addition to experiencing poverty as an adversity, may be subjected to the experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction, along with a host of other stressors, including community violence, discrimination, and peer victimization.9, 37 The large percentage of racial minorities comprising low - income urban populations makes having an understanding of cultural norms key to conceptualizing adversity in these communities.

The effect of home visiting programs on mothers» life - course (subsequent pregnancies, education, employment, and use of welfare) is disappointing overall.10 In the trial of the nurse home visitor program described above, there were enduring effects of the program 15 years after birth of the first child on maternal life - course outcomes (e.g., interpregnancy intervals, use of welfare, behavioural problems due to women's use of drugs and alcohol, and arrests among women who were low - income and unmarried at registration).21 The effects of this program on maternal life - course have been replicated in separate trials with urban African - Americans20, 23,24 and with Hispanics.18

There is some evidence that children younger than nine months have negative consequences when their mothers work full time.9 In addition, there is some evidence from a six - city retrospective cohort study with cross-sectional surveys at urban medical centers, that terminating or reducing TANF benefits by sanctions, or decreasing benefits because of changes in income or expenses is associated with a greater probability that young children, under age three, will experience food insecurity and hospitalization.10

For example, few differences have been found when examining the views of African Americans and Whites, rural and urban adults, and low - and middle - income people as to what constitutes minimally adequate care for children.4, 5 Similarly, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child offers remarkable testimony to what diverse countries and societies consider to be the basic needs or rights of children.