The result is an incorrect air - fuel mixture than can create a number of problems, such as hard starting, a rough idle, hesitation, misfiring or a drop in fuel economy — issues that could, without proper diagnosis, seem to have other causes, such as
incorrect ignition timing or fouled spark plugs.
Probably the most common cause of that is a head gasket with a leak between the two, which could be caused by high compression / detonation (there are several possible causes for that including
incorrect ignition timing, low octane gasoline), an engine overheat, uneven head bolt torques and / or a defective head gasket.