Sentences with phrase «increased activity of some genes»

Its altered form moves to the nucleus, where it increases the activity of a gene involved in metastasis (The Journal of Clinical Investigation, DOI: 10.1172 / JCI40433).

«Our stem cell - based studies indicate that low - calorie sweeteners promote additional fat accumulation within cells compared with cells not exposed to these substances, in a dose - dependent fashion — meaning that as the dose of sucralose is increased more cells showed increased fat droplet accumulation,» said Sabyasachi Sen, M.D., Associate Professor of Medicine at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. «This most likely occurs by increasing glucose entry into cells through increased activity of genes called glucose transporters.»

For example, aggressive animals had increased activity of some genes for sensing dopamine.

At the core of this cell behavior is how the loss of that single gene changes activation levels of dozens of other genes, suppressing genes associated with metastatic disease and increasing activity of genes linked to normal tissue.

He has been studying differences in gene expression in infected and uninfected plants and finds that the fungus seems to increase the activity of genes involved in seed production.

It's unclear why increasing the activity of the genes would cause cancer, he says, but individuals who don't have cancer tend not to have these modifications.

All of these changes should increase the activity of these genes, Flanagan says.

In the new study, published online March 27, 2018, in Cell Reports, a team led by UCSF's David Raleigh, MD, PhD, found that increased activity of a gene known as FOXM1 appears to be responsible for the aggressive growth and frequent recurrence of these tumors.

More specifically, lower temperatures increase the activity of a gene that converts white fat to brown fat, which contributes to a higher resting metabolic rate and speeds up weight loss.

Not exact matches

Various chemical modifications of these histone proteins will result in an increase or decrease in the relevant gene activity.

The archaic - like variants are associated with an increase in the activity of the TLR genes and with greater reactivity to pathogens.

In yeast, for example, they've found that increasing the activity of a single gene, called Sir2, can significantly extend life span.

They found similar changes in gene expression in the same genes with increased activity of glucose transporters in both the stem cells and the fat cells, Sen noted.

Gore's team shows that the silencing of the eye genes is due to the increased activity of a specific gene involved in methylation, Futuyma points out.

They used a somewhat bizarre technique in which two mice were sutured together in such as way that they shared a circulatory system (known as parabiosis), and found old mice joined to their youthful counterparts showed changes in gene activity in a brain region called the hippocampus as well as increased neural connections and enhanced «synaptic plasticity» — a mechanism believed to underlie learning and memory in which the strength of neural connections change in response to experience.

Borrelli said they observed a remarkable decrease in expression levels of some 2,000 genes in this area, coupled with a widespread increase in modifications of basic DNA proteins called histones — particularly those associated with reduced gene activity.

The researchers found: cord plasma increased the activity of several genes linked to neural plasticity and memory; young adult plasma activated a subset of the same genes; and older adult plasma had no effect on gene expression.

And the switches can either increase or decrease the activity of the genes they regulate.

The scientists found that both the activity of the genes, as well as the production of the cholera toxin itself were increased when the bacterium was fed with glucose, but they were considerably decreased when it was fed with starch from rice.

The second insight involved changes in the evolution of gene regulation: As social complexity increased, so did the speed of changes to parts of the genome involved in regulating gene activity, located in the promoters of the genes, the researchers report.

For example, some people have a particular variant of the ADH1B gene that causes an amino acid change in this enzyme, which leads to faster enzyme activity so individuals with this variant metabolize alcohol more rapidly which means that acetaldehyde levels are temporarily increased.

The initial results published last year showed that people who scored in the top 15 percent of the U.C.L.A. Loneliness Scale, a self - administered psychiatric questionnaire for measuring the emotion, exhibited increased gene activity linked to inflammation and reduced gene activity associated with antibody production and antiviral responses.

The researchers searched for signs of increased gene activity when budding foragers take up their new responsibilities.

A new study has found strong evidence that tobacco use can chemically modify and affect the activity of genes known to increase the risk of developing cancer.

Scientists have found that if a pregnant woman is exposed, the deadly contaminant can alter the activity of several genes in her fetus, potentially increasing the child's risk of cancer later in life.

The increased betatrophin gene activity didn't seem to cause cells to replicate in other parts of the pancreas or in liver or fat tissue.

This gene has a role in controlling cell division and has been shown to have increased activity in cancers of the breast, stomach and prostate.

To determine whether the FLRG transgene was causing increased muscle growth by blocking myostatin activity, I examined the effect of combining the FLRG transgene with a loss - of - function mutation in the myostatin gene.

Carrying two copies of a single - letter change in the DNA of chromosome 16 led to a 35 per cent increase in activity of the gene GSPT1 ¬ in men with testicular cancer, compared with those without.

Genetic analysis also revealed significant increase in activity in two genes that may be involved in mitochondria function, suggesting that osteoclast activation might be linked to the reaction of mitochondria to microgravity.

Reuters reports that «the activity of disease - preventing genes increased while a number of disease - promoting genes, including those involved in prostate cancer and breast cancer, shut down, according to the study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.»

Once the bacterial cell signaling protein cagA reaches the host cytosol, it is capable of altering subsequent generations of progenitor cells, leading to the development of cancer through changes in mitotic activity, apoptosis, cellular assembly, and signaling.26 Although it should be noted that while the presence of the cagA protein doubles the risk of gastric cancer, cagA - negative strands also increase the risk of distal gastric cancer.27 Additional H pylori virulence factors include babA2, which encodes bacterial adhesion with gastric epithelial cells, and vacuolating cytotoxin A, which is encoded by the gene vacA.28, 29 H pylori strains carrying some combination of the babA2, cagA, and vacA genes were associated with the highest risk of developing intestinal metaplasia.

Using a variety of experimental techniques, the researchers determined that the gene fusion initiates a cascade of events that increases mitochondrial activity.

Accordingly, the increased p53 activity in p53Δ31 / Δ31 fibroblasts correlated with a decreased expression of 4 genes implicated in telomere syndromes.

They found that the drug increased the amount of SMN2 gene activity in both the cultured cells and the mouse model.

We also identified a «meditation effect» within the regular meditator group, characterized by a distinct network of genes with cellular functions that may be relevant to healthy aging, and this network was associated with increased expression of a number of telomere maintenance pathway genes and an increase in measured telomerase enzymatic activity.

«First, we saw a massive increase in the activity of genes associated with cell degradation,» says first author Spencer G. Willet, a research associate in the Mills lab.

Following a period of intensive meditation, genes involved with the infectious cycle may get downregulated along with related host genes regulating protein synthesis, an explanation that is supported by other stress reduction interventions that have shown increased innate antiviral activity, such as upregulated Type 1 interferon activity.40 Shorter telomeres in population - based studies have been predictive of earlier onset of chronic diseases of aging, including diabetes, 41 cardiovascular disease9 and certain cancers.42

This was found to be linked to increased activity of a previously unstudied gene named betatrophin in liver and fat tissue.

In light of the widespread role of oxidative stress in the pathology of diverse human diseases and the ability of the Nrf2 - dependent antioxidant response gene network to protect against oxidative stress, considerable effort has been directed towards discovering compounds that can increase the activity of Nrf2.

«Excitingly, the program has identified drug - like compounds that act on SMA patient cells in culture to increase SMN2 gene activity and thereby the amount of functional SMN protein.

Plaques decreased substantially in mice treated with gene therapy to increase activity of the enzyme neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) in a region of the brain involved in learning and memory.

In the group's initial scan of the tumor samples, researchers identified gene mutations that would increase RTK / RAS / RAF pathway activity in 62 percent of the samples.

Thus, chronically increased p53 activity causes premature aging in mice, whereas transgenic mice with extra copies of p53 and ARF genes under normal regulation show tumor resistance and extended life span.

Therefore, in some cases the process of inserting the healthy gene can increase the activity of cancer - linked genes, leading to tumour formation.

The study found that increased activity in the front of the brain predicted increases in the neurotransmitter dopamine in the middle of the brain in subjects with the suspected schizophrenia - related version of the gene.

They discovered that increasing the random activity, or noise, associated with HIV gene expression — without increasing the average level of gene expression — can reactivate latent HIV.

The BCAAem also induces mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity (another marker of increased cellular oxidative capacity and mitochondrial gene expression) in cultured cardiomyocytes.

In a series of electrophysiological studies, Zoghbi's team further found that neurons from animals with depleted MECP2 levels have reduced electrical activity due to a smaller number of excitatory synapses, whereas cells from animals carrying an extra copy of the gene have increased electrical activity because of an increase in synapse number.

Using PET scanning, they saw that KKM resulted in 19 genes being up - regulated and 49 genes being down - regulated, resulting in the production of fewer inflammatory mediators, and increased telomerase activity by almost 50 %.