Attempts to fix things only led to getting trapped deeper in a cycle of confrontation, standoff and
increased feelings of hopelessness.
Not exact matches
Physical punishment is associated with a range
of mental health problems in children, youth and adults, including depression, unhappiness, anxiety,
feelings of hopelessness, use
of drugs and alcohol, and general psychological maladjustment.26 — 29 These relationships may be mediated by disruptions in parent — child attachment resulting from pain inflicted by a caregiver, 30,31 by
increased levels
of cortisol32 or by chemical disruption
of the brain's mechanism for regulating stress.33 Researchers are also finding that physical punishment is linked to slower cognitive development and adversely affects academic achievement.34 These findings come from large longitudinal studies that control for a wide range
of potential confounders.35 Intriguing results are now emerging from neuroimaging studies, which suggest that physical punishment may reduce the volume
of the brain's grey matter in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse
of drugs and alcohol.37
The report goes on to say that «without adequate access to play, children are deprived
of the opportunity to develop important emotional skills, leading to an
increase in anxiety levels, depression and
feelings of hopelessness.»
Symptoms most often include: (1) a
feeling of hopelessness and seeing no reason to live; (2) anxiety, anger, rage, sleeplessness and mood swings; (3)
increased alcohol or drug use; (4) withdrawing from family and friends; and (5) thoughts
of hurting yourself or others.
After a period
of anxiety, which they may refer to as stress, people become at
increasing risk for
feeling angry, blaming others for their dilemma, for depression with
hopelessness about finding solutions, or for self - injurious habits like drinking and smoking, and for relationship problems.
Overinvolved parenting may promote internalizing problems by
increasing levels
of psychological distress and
feelings of depression and
hopelessness in offspring (McKee et al., 2007), or it may socialize youth to use coercive and hostile behaviors in family interactions and outside
of the family (i.e., externalizing problems; Dodge, Coie, & Lynam, 2006).