Sentences with phrase «increased gene transcription»

In Study 2, rats fed fermentable RS had increased cecal weights and plasma PYY and GLP - 1, and increased gene transcription of PYY and proglucagon.

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The epigenetic impairments reflect changes that increase accessibility of chromatin, a process that enhances gene transcription, suggesting the impairments play an important role in addiction behavior.

They found that during the transition period, cells expressed increasing amounts of a gene encoding the transcription factor Zscan4.

Mal - gluc modulates histone acetylation of the Rac1 gene and allows transcription activators to access the DNA for increased transcription in the brain, which influences the expression of genes responsible for synaptic plasticity.

Similarly, Bernaudin et al. [43] found increased expression of 18 genes in the neonatal rat brain following hypoxia (8 % O2 for 3 h) including several known hypoxia inducible genes such as MAP kinase phosphatase - 1 (MKP - 1), several HIF - 1 target genes including VEGF and GLUT - 1, genes implicated in apoptosis, signal transduction molecules, and transcription factors.

«We suggest that such abundant and complex transcription may increase gene - gene interactions and constrains coding - sequence evolution.»

The signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 gene (STAT6) increases the propensity of patients with atopic dermatitis toward disseminated viral skin infections.

Pozhitkov et al. 29 described an increased expression of epigenetic regulatory genes, hypothesizing that the activation of these genes reveals the nucleosomes and allows for the later transcription of developmental genes that have no early expression.

Activation of the UPR induces the production of a family of basic leucine zipper - containing transcription factors that activate transcription of genes encoding functions to reduce the protein - folding load and increase the protein folding capacity of the ER.

«This study identifies how the modification of the DNA structure affects the binding of transcription factors, and this increases our understanding of how genes are regulated in cells and further aids us in deciphering the grammar written into DNA,» study co-author Jussi Taipale from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden said in a statement.

During periods of oxidative stress, as levels of reactive electrophilic metabolites increase, the ability of Keap1 to target Nrf2 for ubiquitin - dependent degradation is disrupted, thereby increasing Nrf2 protein levels and its transport into the nucleus, resulting in transcription of antioxidant response genes [5], [6], [8], [10], [11].

Increased expression of transcription factor ATF2 — which is required for the amino acid depletion responses of genes such as ATF3, CHOP, SARS and 4EBP - 1 — is mediated by a signal transduction pathway that appears to involve an amino acid sensing GPR [37].

Additional gene duplication and divergence in eumetazoans further increased transcription factor gene family number, which in general are 2 to 34 times larger in eumetazoans than in Amphimedon.

Interestingly, it has been reported that reduced levels of two modifiers of epigenetic gene silencing, Dnmt3a and Kap1, cause an increased phenotypic noise, suggesting that faithful epigenetic control of transcription is central to suppressing deleterious levels of phenotypic variation [43].

Under hypoxic conditions activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including, erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia.

Provocatively, genes controlled by Oct4 heterodimers (Oct4 itself, fgf4 [6], [13]-RRB- showed either no increase or a slight decrease in transcript levels, whereas those controlled by PORE homodimers (fgf12, osteopontin, mIR - 124a) generally displayed enhanced transcription (Figure 3E and Figure S1, albeit with distinct kinetics).

Our results support the well - known fact in different mammalian species that IVC increases the transcription at blastocyst stage of a large number of genes, suggesting a decrease in repressive epigenetic marks [7, 44].

The increased CDK9 levels in the SEC was most likely due to the enhanced transcription of the three SEC genes as revealed by qRT - PCR (Figure 6B), which in turn resulted in elevated levels of these proteins in the nuclear extracts (Figure 6A).

In addition, the DHA and EPA found in fish oil have a powerful ability to enhance the metabolism and increase fat burning by positively altering the gene functioning through various mechanisms which include changing the makeup of cell membranes, altering the transcription of genes and influencing the levels of calcium within the cells.

In Study 3, RS - fed rats had increased short - chain fatty acids in cecal contents, plasma PYY (GLP - 1 not measured), and gene transcription for PYY and proglucagon.

Decreased mTORC1 activation and subsequent decreases in muscle protein synthesis, coupled with increased FOXO nuclear localization, increased transcription of atrophy - related genes, with up - regulated caspase 3 activation and muscle protein ubiquitylation provide a possible mechanism contributing to skeletal muscle loss in response to periods of negative energy balance.

Essentially they are anti-inflammatory agents and work by increasing the expression of various inflammatory genes that regulate proinflammatory transcription factors (14).

If gene transcription were increased, the density of 1b receptors would be amplified, which could lead to an increased inhibition of serotonin release.