Sentences with phrase «increased ocean observations»

In the meantime, Keenlyside and colleagues plan to incorporate the increased ocean observations from the last 10 years into their forecast system.

Not exact matches

The reports also identifies other challenges that impact sustained observations, such as the declining investment in new technological development, increasing difficulty in retaining and replenishing the human resources associated with sustained ocean observing, and a decreasing number of global and ocean - class research vessels.

The collection of larger than usual amounts of Arctic winter weather data in 2015 was due to two reasons: the Norwegian research vessel Lance was in the Arctic Ocean observing and collecting upper atmosphere meteorological data, and the frequency of observation and data collection was increased at some of the land - based observation stations around the Arctic.

«Warm summers could weaken ocean circulation: Long - term observations reveal the influence of increased surface freshening on convection in the subpolar North Atlantic.»

Combining satellite observations with ocean numerical modeling, Khazendar and his colleagues developed a hypothesis that reductions in the volume of brine would increase Totten's thinning and melting.

From 1966 to 2003 the modeled mean world ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203 ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203 Ocean increased 0.203 Â °C.

http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00148.1 Global satellite observations show the sea surface temperature (SST) increasing since the 1970s in all ocean basins, while the net air — sea heat flux Q decreases.

The decrease over the last 20 years is well substantiated by observation and is indistinguishable from the calculated decline assuming that the surface ocean is in near thermodynamic equilibrium with increasing CO2 concentration of the atmosphere.

Least unexpected observations: (Joint winners) 2008 near - record minima in Arctic sea ice extent, last decade of record warmth, long term increases in ocean heat content, record increases in CO2 emissions.

The global increase in ocean heat content during the period 1993 to 2003 in two ocean models constrained by assimilating altimetric sea level and other observations (Carton et al., 2005; Köhl et al., 2006) is considerably larger than these observational estimates.

The Fourth Assessment Report finds that «Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising mean sea level.

Simulations and observations of total atmospheric water vapour averaged over oceans agree closely when the simulations are constrained by observed SSTs, suggesting that anthropogenic influence has contributed to an increase in total atmospheric water vapour.

His description should be read for details, but the essence of the evidence lies in the observation that ocean heat uptake (OHC) has been increasing during the post-1950 warming.

The key observation here is the increase in ocean heat content over the last half century (the figure below shows three estimates of the changes since 1955).

Since OHC uptake efficiency associated with surface warming is low compared with the rate of radiative restoring (increase in energy loss to space as specified by the climate feedback parameter), an important internal contribution must lead to a loss rather than a gain of ocean heat; thus the observation of OHC increase requires a dominant role for external forcing.

In addition to warming, the observations regarding ice melt could also be related to increased ocean salinity.

Least unexpected observations: (Joint winners) 2006 near - record minima in Arctic sea ice extent, near - record maxima in Northern Hemisphere temperatures, resumed increase in ocean heat content, record increases in CO2 emissions

And I do think there are a number of questions about interpretation of observations, and the details of the climate model experiment (the very large exponentially increasing freshwater fluxes, the low - resolution of the ocean which obscures the potentially important role of wind - driven ocean gyres, etc.).

... a pronounced strengthening in Pacific trade winds over the past two decades — unprecedented in observations / reanalysis data and not captured by climate models — is sufficient to account for the cooling of the tropical Pacific and a substantial slowdown in surface warming through increased subsurface ocean heat uptake.

But the evidence of a connection between warming ocean waters and greenhouse gas increases is compelling and consistent with theory and observations.

Abstract:... Here we show that a pronounced strengthening in Pacific trade winds over the past two decades — unprecedented in observations / reanalysis data and not captured by climate models — is sufficient to account for the cooling of the tropical Pacific and a substantial slowdown in surface warming through increased subsurface ocean heat uptake.

From 1966 to 2003 the modeled mean world ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203 ocean temperature in the upper 700 m increased 0.097 Â °C and by 0.137 Â °C according to observations (Levitus et al., 2005); the modeled mean temperature adjusted for sea ice in the corresponding layer of the Arctic Ocean increased 0.203 Ocean increased 0.203 Â °C.

eg pg xii To improve our predictive capability, we need: • to understand better the various climate - related processes, particularly those associated with clouds, oceans and the carbon cycle • to improve the systematic observation of climate - related variables on a global basis, and further investigate changes which took place in the past • to develop improved models of the Earth's climate system • to increase support for national and international climate research activities, especially in developing countries • to facilitate international exchange of climate data

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level.

Observations in the tropical Atlantic ocean (11) show that the clear sky downwelling infrared flux incident on the surface (Fa ---RRB- also increases faster than the surface emission with increasing SST.

One of the things pointed out in that post is that we know that the rise in atmospheric CO2 is entirely caused by fossil fuel burning and deforestation because many independent observations show that the carbon content has also increased in the ocean.

A main control on atmospheric CO2 appears to be the ocean surface temperature, and remains a possibility that a significant part of the overall increase of atmospheric CO2 since at least 1958 (start of Mauna Loa observations) simply relflects the gradual warming of the oceans as a result of the prolonged period of high solar activity since 1920 (Solanki et al., 2004).

David, isn't the gist of what Salby is saying is that the atmospheric increases in CO2 are due to the gas coming out of the oceans, and here we are discussing the observation that the pH of the oceans are decreasing because CO2 is dissolving in them?

On the other hand, an increase caused by humans, where oceans and vegetation together act as sinks for about halve the emissions, complies with all known observations.

The global increase in ocean heat content during the period 1993 to 2003 in two ocean models constrained by assimilating altimetric sea level and other observations (Carton et al., 2005; Köhl et al., 2006) is considerably larger than these observational estimates.

«However, the decrease in reflected SW radiation from the 1980s to the 1990s may be inconsistent with the increase in total and low cloud cover over oceans reported by surface observations (Norris, 2005a), which show increased low cloud occurrence.

Improved ocean observation, instrumentation, theory, and funding has increased scientific reporting on regional and global issues related to heat.

Christy is correct to note that the model average warming trend (0.23 °C / decade for 1978 - 2011) is a bit higher than observations (0.17 °C / decade over the same timeframe), but that is because over the past decade virtually every natural influence on global temperatures has acted in the cooling direction (i.e. an extended solar minimum, rising aerosols emissions, and increased heat storage in the deep oceans).

The Fourth Assessment Report finds that «Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising mean sea level.

The point is that this observation is not very relevant if the outcome comes from a combination of relevant and persistently warming data from areas where the temperature is strongly correlated with increase in the heat content of oceans, atmosphere and continental topmost layers, and almost totally irrelevant data from areas and seasons where and when exceptionally great natural variability of surface temperatures makes these temperatures essentially irrelevant for the determination of longterm trends.

Remember that as well as all the above I have also provided measurements and peer reviewed observations of CO2 increasing into the oceans.

About the observations: — any extra input from the oceans would increase the 13C / 12C ratio in the atmosphere, but we observe a an accellerating decrease in perfect ratio with fossil fuel burning.

(1) there is established scientific concern over warming of the climate system based upon evidence from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level;

However, the observations show that both surface temperatures as well as ocean heat content started to increase (during the 1970's and 80's) long after solar activity had reached its plateau (during the 1950's).

US CLIVAR is collaborating with the ocean carbon and biogeochemistry science community to increase observations and understanding of the coupled physical / biogeochemical processes that maintain the marine ecosystem and oceanic sources and sinks of carbon and predict how they will evolve in response to climate variability and change.

Including a match with other observations like the mass balance, the 13C / 12C and 14C / 12C trends, the oxygen balance, the increase of carbon species in the ocean surface and vegetation, etc...

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140202111055.htm «The satellite observations have shown that warming of the tropical Indian Ocean and tropical Western Pacific Ocean — with resulting increased precipitation and water vapor there — causes the opposite effect of cooling in the TTL region above the warming sea surface.

Observations showing that the skin (top tens of um) of the ocean is usually colder than the water below convincing demonstrate that increasing DLR will warm the upper ocean and that Hypothesis A and B are untenable.

A wide range of other observations (such as reduced Arctic sea ice extent and increased ocean heat content) and indications from the natural world (such as poleward shifts of temperature - sensitive species of fish, mammals, insects, etc.) together provide incontrovertible evidence of planetary - scale warming.

It's an observation that is not explained if the source of the increase of atmospheric CO2 comes from the oceans.

The barystatic sea level rise, the actual increasing volume of the ocean, in particular, is masked from measurements that are based on satellite observations.

They report in the journal Science that a succession of aerial surveys combined with multiple satellite observations has established that the base of the glacier is being eroded rapidly by a mix of warmer ocean water and increasing amounts of meltwater from the surface of the Greenland ice sheet.

«Whilst the last decade has seen a rapid increase in good observations of the surface and upper ocean, thanks to Argo floats, we have very few for the deep ocean.»

Observations since 1961 show that the average temperature of the global ocean has increased to depths of at least 3000 m and that the ocean has been absorbing more than 80 % of the heat added to the climate system.

-- First we increase the greenhouse gases — then that causes warming in the atmosphere and oceans — as the oceans warm up, they evaporate more H2O — more moisture in the air means more precipitation (rain, snow)-- the southern hemisphere is essentially lots of water and a really big ice cube in the middle called Antarctica — land ice is different than sea ice — climate models indicated that more snowfall would cause increases in the frozen H2O — climate models indicated that there would be initial increases in sea ice extent — observations confirm the indications and expectations that precipitation is increasing, calving rates are accelerating and sea ice extent is increasing.