Increased glucagon appears to contribute to development of severe hyperglycemia by mobilizing hepatic stores of glucose and to development of ketoacidosis by
increasing the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver.
Not exact matches
Phosphorylation
of both acetyl CoA carboxylase and AMP - activated protein kinase was
increased, thus explaining the
increase in
fatty acid oxidation.
As a summary, based on numerous studies, if your goal is to
increase mitochondrial density and as a result
increase the rate
of fatty acid oxidation or fat loss, focus your training program around strength training and HIIT, and eat a diet which is rich in protein and low - glycemic carbs.
Aside from studies on obese mice, limited research has also shown reduced blood pressure,
increased fat burning and
increased fatty acid oxidation later in the fast, and
increased metabolic rate due to the release
of epinephrine and norepinephrine (again, later in the fasting period).
More specifically, these
acids have the ability to
increase the rate
of fat burning by stimulating the activity
of enzymes in the liver involved in fat breakdown and
oxidation and diminishing the activity
of enzymes that promote fat storage, which leads to an improved
fatty acid and glucose metabolism.
Also observed, was the growth hormone's actions
of increasing fatty acid oxidation, as indicated by rises in free
fatty acids and ketone bodies.
4Michelle Olson «Tabata Interval Exercise: Energy Expenditure and Post-Exercise Responses» Department
of Exercise and Science, Auburn University,... continue One study found marked
increases in
fatty acid oxidation after just two weeks!
Among these, FGF21
increases insulin sensitivity and causes a corresponding decrease in basal insulin concentrations; FGF21
increases hepatic
fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis; and, FGF21 sensitizes mice to torpor, a hibernation - like state
of reduced body temperature and physical activity.
Furthermore, Cy -3-g substantially induced AMPK downstream target ACC phosphorylation and inactivation, and then decreased malonyl CoA contents, leading to stimulation
of CPT - 1 expression and significant
increase of fatty acid oxidation in HepG2 cells.
The
oxidation of fatty acids increases further, directly through the release
of adiponectin.
• widespread effects on circulation, muscles and sugar metabolism • raised heart rate •
increased heart output •
increased rate and depth
of breathing •
increased metabolic rate •
increased force
of muscular contraction • delayed muscular fatigue • reduced blood flow to bladder (muscular walls relax and sphincters contract) • reduced blood flow to intestines •
increased blood pressure •
increased sugar (glucose) in the blood •
increased break - down
of glucose for energy *, especially in muscle cells •
increased free
fatty acids in the blood * • more
oxidation of fatty acids to produce energy * • more ATP (the cells» primary energy compound) produced * • blood vessels constrict
«Lipolysis» (the conversion
of fatty acids) and «ketogenesis» (creation
of ketone bodies)
increase significantly due to
fatty acid mobilization and
oxidation.
The free
fatty acids inhibit the
oxidation of glucose for energy, creating insulin resistance, the condition that normally
increases with aging, and that can lead to hyperglycemia and «diabetes.»
It thus even ensures the utilization
of protein in better fashion,
increased storage
of glycogen and
fatty acid oxidation in the cells.
--
Increase intake
of Omega 3
fatty acids: Chlorella, ground flax seed, soaked in water chia seeds, good quality organic Omega 3 fish oil with antioxidant to prevent
oxidation (HealthAid offers a very good quality molecularly distilled Omega 3 fish oil >).
I think it is most appropriate to borrow the words from someone far smarter and well versed on this topic here (Dr. Kevin Hall), «A logical consequence
of the carbohydrate - insulin model is that decreasing the proportion
of dietary carbohydrate to fat without altering protein or calories will reduce insulin secretion,
increase fat mobilization from adipose tissue, and elevate
oxidation of circulating free
fatty acids.
To real important finding from this study was that an
increase in
fatty acid oxidation (one
of the measurements that is considered a benefit
of the ketogenic diet) doesn't necessarily result in more fat loss, in fact it may be the opposite.
This happens — more or less quickly depending on the individual — once beta -
oxidation of fatty acids has
increased to a point where
fatty acids can't be utilized directly for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production.
Lactate, which
increases during starvation, can induce hepatic ketogenesis.2 Low - carbohydrate, fat - rich meals can enhance alpha - cell secretion
of glucagon and lower insulin concentrations.3, 4 Plasma
fatty acid concentrations can be twice as high during low - carbohydrate diets as compared with the usual carbohydrate intake in the postabsorptive period.5
Increased concentrations
of free
fatty acids in the absence
of carbohydrate - induced inhibition
of beta -
oxidation of fatty acids and in the presence
of an abnormally high ratio
of glucagon to insulin and elevated concentrations
of lactate may have caused ketoacidosis in our patient, who was trying to avoid all dietary carbohydrates.
While plasma glucose, insulin, and carbohydrate
oxidation did not change significantly, plasma free
fatty acid levels rose from 432 ± 31 to 848 ± 135 µEq / liter and were accompanied by significant
increases in fat
oxidation during the last hour
of the test.