Sentences with phrase «increased reflectivity»

The difference in model vs actual radiative forcing is equal to the reduced reflectivity of the atmosphere of pre-98 and increased reflectivity of post-98.

Typical changes include attenuation of the blood vessels of the retina, increased reflectivity of the tapetal layer as a result of retinal thinning and atrophy of the optic disc.

Modifying the roofs with light - colored tiles, the team found that using light - colored concrete, or applying white glazes to buildings, could increase the reflectivity of urban surfaces by 10 %.

Shading the planet or increasing its reflectivity would be problematic, too.

Others have proposed seeding clouds with sea salt in order to make them whiter, thus increasing their reflectivity and so reducing sea surface temperatures.

SAM involves injecting sulfur aerosols into the stratosphere to increase the reflectivity of Earth's atmosphere.

And all of them have an air gap between the glass and the LCD layer beneath; that gap increases reflectivity, which causes the mirror effect that makes tablets terrible for use in bright sunlight.

From what I understand, the geoengineering being considered is to spray water or salt water into the atmosphere to increase the reflectivity of clouds.

Bubble rafts increase the optical reflectivity of the ocean and when bubbles burst, they launch seasalt particles that loft and increase the number concentration of cloud droplets in the marine boundary layer, thus increasing the reflectivity of stratocumulus.

Emissions such as sulfate either help increase the reflectivity and extent of cloud cover over the Earth or scatter sunlight directly.

Or we could try to increase the reflectivity of clouds by, say, spraying seawater into the atmosphere.

Of those that serve as cloud nuclei, some increase the reflectivity of the clouds, while others decrease it.

Through years of careful experimentation, we have isolated the most effective and safe material solution for increasing the reflectivity of ice.

As the earth's natural air conditioner, white sea ice moderates solar heating by increasing the reflectivity of Earth's surface and decreasing the amount of heat that would otherwise by absorbed by darker ice - free Arctic seas.

Some approaches, like turning biomass into biochar, a charcoal whose carbon resists breakdown, and painting roofs white to increase their reflectivity and reduce air - conditioning demand, are relatively benign, but would have minimal effect on a global scale.

US scientists propose that artificially introducing aerosols to the atmosphere will brighten clouds and increase reflectivity which could help defend the Earth from global warming.

In 2012, the organization installed several such improvements at its Arbor Terrace property including ENERGY STAR ® — compliant lamps, heat pump air conditioners equipped with occupancy sensors, and metal roofing to increase reflectivity and decrease the building's need for cooling.

SAM involves injecting sulfur aerosols into the stratosphere to increase the reflectivity of Earth's atmosphere.

It is also unsound to treat measures that reduce average temperature by increasing reflectivity as physically equivalent to moderating greenhouse gas concentrations.

Proposals include artificially brightening clouds, increasing the reflectivity of surface - level planetary features, or depositing reflective particles in the earth's upper atmosphere.

Not exact matches

«Greenland's ice is getting darker, increasing risk of melting: Feedback loops from melting itself are driving changes in reflectivity.»

Black carbon aerosols — particles of carbon that rise into the atmosphere when biomass, agricultural waste, and fossil fuels are burned in an incomplete way — are important for understanding climate change, as they absorb sunlight, leading to higher atmospheric temperatures, and can also coat Arctic snow with a darker layer, reducing its reflectivity and leading to increased melting.

The study's results suggest the ice sheet hasn't lost as much reflectivity as previously thought, and that black carbon and dust concentrations haven't increased significantly and are thus not responsible for darkening on the upper ice sheet.

Lower reflectivity would likely increase the snow's melt rate because it means more sunlight gets absorbed, though that wasn't directly shown.

Geoengineering proposals fall into at least three broad categories: 1) managing atmospheric greenhouse gases (e.g., ocean fertilization and atmospheric carbon capture and sequestration), 2) cooling the Earth by reflecting sunlight (e.g., putting reflective particles into the atmosphere, putting mirrors in space to reflect the sun's energy, increasing surface reflectivity and altering the amount or characteristics of clouds), and 3) moderating specific impacts of global warming (e.g., efforts to limit sea level rise by increasing land storage of water, protecting ice sheets or artificially enhancing mountain glaciers).

However, changes in the distribution of snowfall through the year, conceivably linked to increases in sea surface temperature, may have reduced the reflectivity of the glacier and played an even bigger role in forcing the retreat than changes in air temperature alone.

Increased cloud cover would result in more reflectivity, but would also result in a greater percentage of heat trapped in the atmosphere.

For starters, how about a possibility of increased cloud reflectivity?

The greater the reflectivity of the incoming energy in a band outside of the CO2 acceptance the greater the chance of reducing heat content increases in the lower atmosphere.

«Applying a 3.6 % cloud reflectivity perturbation to the shortwave energy balance partitioning given by Trenberth et al. (2009) corresponds to an increase of 2.7 Wm ⁻² of solar energy reaching the Earth's surface and an increase of 2.4 Wm ⁻² absorbed by the surface.»

Is it not also therefore true that the polar areas of least water vapor, where a greater temperature increase from doubling of Co-2 would have the most effect, has the least W / sq - m percentage of both incoming S - W and outgoing L - W radiation due to the incident angle of incoming Sun light, the high reflectivity of the snow and ice, and the greatly reduced outgoing L - W radiation due to this?

Salter believes that a 4 % increase in the reflectivity of 1/3 of such clouds could counteract global warming.

Is it not also therefore true that the polar areas of least water vapor, where a greater temperature increase from doubling of Co-2 would have the most effect, has the least percentage of both incoming S - W and outgoing L - W radiation due to the incident angle of incoming Sun light, the high reflectivity of the snow and ice, and the greatly reduced outgoing L - W radiation due to this?

Its warming effect, however, is simultaneously amplified and dampened by positive and negative feedbacks such as increased water vapor (the most powerful greenhouse gas), reduced albedo, which is a measure of Earth's reflectivity, changes in cloud characteristics, and CO2 exchanges with the ocean and terrestrial ecosystems.

The same goes for schemes involving ocean pipes and stimulating biologically - driven increases in cloud reflectivity.

But with several factors combining to increase temperatures in Greenland and reduce the reflectivity of the snow and ice cover, the ice sheet is becoming less efficient at reflecting that heat energy, and as a consequence melt seasons are becoming more severe.

To get forcing you need either and increase in solar energy, or a change in the earth's reflectivity (and that would need a verifiable reason) or a change in absorption of solar energy (which could be provided by GHG's).

DMS oxidizes to sulfates which make efficient cloud condensation nuclei, increasing both the amount of cloud cover and the reflectivity of individual clouds.

Deforestation was allegedly increasing Earth's surface reflectivity, causing sunlight to bounce back into space without heating the surface — and smokestack particulate emissions were blocking out light before it got here.

For example, the dramatic decline of summer sea ice in the Arctic — a loss of ice cover roughly equal to half the area of the continental United States — exacerbates global warming by reducing the reflectivity of Earth's surface and increasing the amount of heat absorbed.

Given that this would require a massive increase in concrete (which has higher reflectivity but produces a great deal of CO2 in the production of the concrete's cement) and a lot of new paint and light - colored gravel for commercial roofing, the economic costs would be significant.

Artificially increasing the Earth's reflectivity, for example, does nothing about the ongoing acidification of the oceans resulting from carbon dioxide being added to the atmosphere.

They can also provide «seeds» around which water droplets coalesce to form clouds, thus further increasing the planet's reflectivity.

The constant icepack combined with a trend toward increased southern ice has a trend towards higher reflectivity.

This is primarily due to the increase in the Earth's reflectivity as large ice sheets form.

1) In reality both the changes in albedo (reflectivity) and CO2 concentration are feedbacks on the orbital forcing, and the relation in the one direction (a change in earth's orbit causing a temperature change which in turn causes albedo and CO2 levels to change) is not necessarily the same as the relation in the reverse direction, as is currently happening with human - induced increases in CO2.

Changes in albedo that increase the planet's reflectivity will lead to cooling, and those that make it less reflective and more absorbing, to a temperature rise.

Yes, it seems huge compared effects of increasing CO2 Abstract: «The 340 nm LER is highly correlated with cloud and aerosol cover becauseof the low surface reflectivity of the land and oceans (typically 2 to 6RU, where 1RU = 0.01 = 1.0 %) relative to the much higher reflectivity of clouds plus aerosols (typically 10 to 90RU).

«The increased open water lowers the average albedo [reflectivity] of the planet, accelerating global warming; and we are also finding the open water causing seabed permafrost to melt, releasing large amounts of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, to the atmosphere.»

2) We have INCREASING POSITIVE feedback effects from (a) melting tundra, (b) melting melting hydrates in the oceans, (c) lower reflectivity (albedo) of the Arctic itself, not to mention its next door neighbor Greenland, (d) increased fires in northern Asia and North America which will further exacerbate albedo, (e) LESS ICE AREA to reflect sun in the Arctic... and thus allow that nice dark water to absorb more and more sun.