The externalizing pathway highlights the underlying neurological systems of
increased reward sensitivity and reactivity combined with decreased effortful control and regulation that are imbalanced and competing during adolescence (i.e., dual systems model), which further contributes to adolescence being a high - risk period for the onset of substance use and comorbid behavior problems [80, 81].
This inquiry is also important, since research suggests that adolescents with disruptive behaviors exhibit
increased reward sensitivity (Byrd et al., 2014), and pictures of happy faces have been shown to activate reward - related brain networks (Morris et al., 1996; Phillips et al., 1998; Whalen et al., 1998).
Nevertheless, greater attention orientation toward happy faces, for children with high CU traits and high ODD - related problems, is in line with data suggesting that adolescent youth with disruptive behaviors exhibit
increased reward sensitivity (Byrd et al., 2014) and that CU traits are associated with a tendency to be over-focused on reward (Frick et al., 2003; Frick and White, 2008).
Not exact matches
The researchers also found
increased activity between areas of the prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens, a center for
reward sensitivity that is often implicated in addiction research.
So both
increased and decreased
reward sensitivity could lead to obesity?
Marijuana abusers showed lower scores on positive emotionality and higher scores on negative emotionality than controls, consistent, on the one hand, with lower
reward sensitivity and motivation and, on the other hand, with
increased stress reactivity and irritability.
Positive emotionality was inversely associated with MP - induced
increases in midbrain DA, which could reflect the fact that in midbrain, D2 and D3 are autoreceptors; therefore, their stimulation would result in decreased DA release in striatum (including accumbens)(74), leading to decreased
sensitivity to
reward and amotivation (75).
CBD can stimulate the appetite by
increasing sensitivity to the smell and taste of food in dogs, making eating a more
rewarding experience for your pooch.