Sentences with phrase «increases hpa»

Not exact matches

Describe how too much activity in the sensory nerves in the uterus can increase stress / HPA activity.

She has already shown that pre-treatment with acupuncture prevents increases in HPA hormones caused by cold - induced painful stress in rats, and that the beneficial effects were long lasting.

Across the cycle, estrogens may increase ACTH release and corticosterone levels, related to estrogen levels, whereas androgens exerted an inhibitory effect on the HPA axis stress response (245).

The stratopsheric cooling may be caused by the tropospheric water vapor (see figure 3 of http://www.springerlink.com/content/6677gr5lx8421105/fulltext.pdf)-- but in that figure water vapor is fixed only above sigma = 0.14 (~ 140 hPa), so the cooling may also be caused by the increase in lower stratospheric water vapor.

The increased cortisol levels then acts to inhibit the HPA axis, which can settle down until the next stressful event.

It does so by increasing the sensitivity of the HPA axis to stress.

Persisting in eating foods to which we are allergic or intolerant impairs detoxification by placing undue stress on the organs of digestion and elimination, putting the HPA axis on alert and increasing the level of inflammation in the body.

Changes in this athlete's menstrual function may have been associated with improvements in the HPA (and or - ovarian) axis and increase in energy from fat oxidation.

Both factors may elicit a sympathetic and hypothalamic — pituitary — adrenal (HPA) axis response, which drive increased systemic reactive oxygen species production, chronic inflammation, and a metabolic substrate shift toward carbohydrate and away from fat oxidation, manifesting in an array of signs and symptoms often labeled as the overtraining syndrome.16

Decreased HPA axis and adrenal activity may be even worse than increased (unfortunately they often occur together, alternating between one or the other).

There are two primary ways in which the HPA axis (read an overview of the axis and what it does here) can malfunction: its activity can increase, or its activity can decrease.

But not in a) someone who is both stressed and leptin resistant, since increased leptin levels from the re-feed might not be powerful enough to offset other excitatory pathways b) someone who is currently emerging from yo - yo dieting or caloric restriction c) someone who is dealing with an over-stimulated appetite, d) someone experiencing stress, e) someone who has had a history of insomnia, f) someone who is underweight, since they have low leptin levels, g) anyone who has ever had an eating disorder, particularly bulimia or binge eating disorder or h) anyone with HPA axis or endocrine dysregulation, particularly women, including overt stress, hypogonadism, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hypercortisolism, or hypocortisolism (adrenal fatigue.)

«When taken together, among all the studies that investigated HPA - axis function and burnout, 3 support an INCREASE in HPA - axis functions in burnout, 5 support a DECREASE in HPA - axis functions, and 11 did not support a significant relationship.»

In some more detail, TCs with central pressure lower than 920 hPa decreased, those around 950 hPa increased, and those around 980 hPa decreased.

As reported by Galarneaux 2013, during the transition winds increased by 20 % and Sandy's central pressure dropped to its lowest point of 940 hPa despite travelling over cooler waters.

The simulated global mean organic carbon (OC) concentrations increase with altitude up to a mean pressure level of about 800 - 900 hPa, and then decrease with altitude (see Fig. 4).

The averages of these seasonal trends are 0.20 C / decade and 0.07 hPa / decade which correspond to a specific humidity increase of 0.04 g / kg per decade and a relative humidity reduction of 0.5 % / decade.

On the other hand the same analysis shows that if the pressure increase due to temperature is neglected, the pressure decrease from 620 to 617.5 hPa is now only 0.4 %.

This is an increase from our original pressure of 620 hPa of 675/620 = 1.09 or 9 %.

The pressure which had dropped to 610 hPa now increases to 610 * 310/280 = 675 hPa.

whence the temperature increases by 170/21.9 = 7.75 C, raising 280 K to 287.75 K or almost 15 C, which according to my steam tables is the dewpoint at a w.v. partial pressure of 17 hPa.

States that in recent decades, the midtroposphere (defined here as 600 - 400 hPa) has been warming faster in the Arctic than in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes; this warming has been accompanied by an increase in Arctic precipitable water

Elliott et al. conclude, based on the selected data below 500 hPa only that SH (moisture content) increased slightly with warming, but not at a rate sufficiently strong to maintain constant RH, as is assumed by the IPCC models in estimating water vapor feedback.

A drying of the atmosphere — that the researchers note — takes place in the subtropical subsidence zone (the 30 degrees latitude) but expands towards the 30 - 45 degrees latitude — Earth's Meditteranean climates, where their model suggests net cloud cover would actually decrease most (see dotted line in first image in this article, at top)-- most notably around 500 hPa (roughly translating to a height of around 5 kilometers of altitude in the troposphere) decreasing albedo and increasing solar heat absorption, therefore net climate warming.

Using NCEP - 2 reanalysis data, Lim and Simmonds (2002) showed that for 1979 to 1999, increasing trends in the annual number of explosively developing (deepening by 1 hPa per hour or more) extratropical cyclones are signifi cant in the SH and over the globe (0.56 and 0.78 more systems per year, respectively), while the positive trend did not achieve signifi cance in the NH.

«The North American location of increased 700 hPa positive anomalies suggests that a regional atmospheric blocking mechanism is responsible for the presence of the AD pattern, consistent with observations of unprecedented high pressure anomalies over Greenland since 2007.»

Now, remembering that atmospheric pressure is directly related to temperature, and pressure decreases with height, warming a region will increase the height at which pressure falls to 500 hPa.

First, tropical warming is equally strong over both the 1959 — 2012 and 1979 — 2012 periods, increasing smoothly and almost moist - adiabatically from the surface (where it is roughly 0.14 K / decade) to 300 hPa (where it is about 0.25 K / decade over both periods), a pattern very close to that in climate model predictions.

There is also an increased sensitivity of the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis (HPA), with a strong negative feedback of cortisol, due to a generally increased sensitivity of cortisol receptors (Yehuda, 2001).

Numerous studies suggest that maternal stress experienced in utero influences programming of key physiological systems that contribute to childhood disease57 and that nonoptimal early childhood environments and caregiving experiences also influence these processes.58 - 61 Specifically, emerging data implicate the disruptive impact of stress on the HPA, autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune systems.1, 3,7,57,62 Disruptions of these stress regulatory systems may, in turn, be linked to immune dysregulation, increasing vulnerability to the development of diseases such as asthma.

Evidence linking psychological stress to asthma continues to grow with our increased understanding of the natural history of asthma and the neurobiology underlying stress vulnerability.1 - 3 Stress exposure during infancy and early childhood may exert particularly robust effects on the physiological systems that respond to stress.4 - 6 Evidence from animal and human studies strongly suggests that early life adversity shapes stress neurobiology, 7 resulting in disturbed regulation of endocrine and autonomic processes (eg, hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal [HPA] axis, sympathetic - adrenal - medullary system).

[12] The development of the placenta during pregnancy is partially responsible for the disregulation of the HPA axis; the hormones that cause placental development can increase the sensitivity of the pituitary to stress hormones.

In humans, the end product of the HPA axis is cortisol, a steroid hormone that follows a diurnal rhythm — increasing early in the morning, peaking approximately 30 minutes after waking, and declining throughout the day, reaching near - zero levels at night.14 This diurnal pattern is not present at birth but begins to emerge around 3 months of age15, 16 and is fully entrained to daylight cycles by age 2 years.17 Children experiencing social deprivation or maltreatment show departures from this typical profile of diurnal HPA activity, suggestive of chronic stress.

Normally, one would expect to see low cortisol levels prestress, an increase in response to stress, and a return to baseline during recovery, and so an elevated, flat cortisol trajectory suggests that the HPA axis may have lost some of its resiliency (10).

Mother's depression scores are inversely related to activity in the OFC in response to cries (Laurent and Ablow, 2012), and mothers who more strongly activate the lateral OFC in response to their infant's cries, which the authors interpreted as increased emotion regulation, have less activity of the hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal (HPA) axis in response to the Strange Situation (Laurent et al., 2011).

Subsequently, the timing of the onset of the traumatic experience influences the HPA - axis, as recent trauma is related to increased cortisol output.

Boys with high HPA reactivity and low RSA reactivity had the largest increases in internalizing problems from 16 to 19 years.

Youth with low HPA reactivity along with increased ANS activation characterized by both decreases in RSA and decreases in PEP had the most concurrent externalizing problems, consistent with broad theories of hypo - arousal.