Sentences with phrase «increases ocean stratification»

On top of that, warming increases ocean stratification, which blocks the movement of oxygen - rich surface waters to lower depths.

When combined with increased ocean stratification due to this enhanced run off [11], sea - surface temperatures are depressed, encouraging sea - ice formation.

Physical factors that affect uptake include increased ocean stratification due to increasing global temperatures.

Southern Ocean surface cooling, while lower latitudes are warming, increases precipitation on the Southern Ocean, increasing ocean stratification, slowing deepwater formation, and increasing ice sheet mass loss.

While it is tempting to attribute the unexplained sea ice trends to other factors such as increased upwelling of relatively warm circumpolar deepwater (Thoma et al. 2008), an intensification of the hydrological cycle and increased ocean stratification (Liu and Curry 2010), or eastward propagation of sea ice anomalies (Holland et al. 2005), the observed northerly wind trends (Fig. 5a) are qualitatively consistent with the decrease in sea ice in the 30 ° W — 60 ° W sector.

Not exact matches

With higher levels of carbon dioxide and higher average temperatures, the oceans» surface waters warm and sea ice disappears, and the marine world will see increased stratification, intense nutrient trapping in the deep Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean) and nutrition starvation in the other oceans.

Possible mechanisms include (vii) changes in ocean temperature (and salinity), (viii) suppression of air - sea gas exchange by sea ice, and (ix) increased stratification in the Southern Oocean temperature (and salinity), (viii) suppression of air - sea gas exchange by sea ice, and (ix) increased stratification in the Southern OceanOcean.

One explanation (ix) conceived in the 1980s invokes more stratification, less upwelling of carbon and nutrient - rich waters to the surface of the Southern Ocean and increased carbon storage at depth during glacial times.

Warming of the oceans leads to increased vertical stratification (decreased mixing between the different levels in the oceans), which would reduce CO2 uptake, in effect, reducing the oceanic volume available to CO2 absorption from the atmosphere.

In essence Zhang proposes that the warming factors reduce the growth of sea ice which reduces ocean overturning allowing increased stratification of the ocean which in turn reduces ocean heat flux available to melt ice.

Climate change can influence the distribution of dead zones by increasing water temperature and hence microbial activity, as well as reducing mixing of the ocean (i.e., increasing layering or stratification) of the Ocean — which have different temperatures, densities, salinities — and reducing mixing of oxygen - rich surface layers into the deeper parts of the Oocean (i.e., increasing layering or stratification) of the Ocean — which have different temperatures, densities, salinities — and reducing mixing of oxygen - rich surface layers into the deeper parts of the OOcean — which have different temperatures, densities, salinities — and reducing mixing of oxygen - rich surface layers into the deeper parts of the OceanOcean.

A warming surface ocean is also likely to increase the density stratification of the water column (i.e., Steinacher et al., 2010), altering the circulation and potentially increasing the isolation of waters in an OMZ from contact with the atmosphere, hence increasing the intensity of the OMZ.

About half of the pCO2 decrease may be due to increased glacial ocean stratification, trapping carbon - rich waters in the deep layers away from the atmosphere (22, 23).

The warming of the surface of the ocean is thought to increase stratification within the water column, preventing the nutrients in the cool

In addition to this natural variability, humans have perturbed climate by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, which have increased ocean temperatures, water column stratification, hypoxia, and water column anoxia and have decreased surface ocean pH [6], [7].

They will inevitably be affected by the increasing temperatures and thermal stratification of the top layer of the ocean, since these are prime controls on their ecology, although it is not clear whether global warming would result in net increase or decrease of coccolithophores.

Increased stratification as the ocean surface warms will decrease the upwellings of nutrient - rich cold water, making oceans less productive.

The warming of the surface of the ocean is thought to increase stratification within the water column, preventing the nutrients in the cool deep ocean from rising to the surface.

Decreases in both upwelling and formation of deep water and increased stratification of the upper ocean will reduce the input of essential nutrients into the sunlit regions of oceans and reduce productivity (Cox et al., 2000; Loukos et al., 2003; Lehodey et al., 2003; Sarmiento et al., 2004a).