Certainly, this leads to erosion in some areas, but it also
increases sediment deposition in others.
When
increased sediment stops light from getting through the water, the algae stop growing, weakening the coral.
Warmer water and
increased sediment loads are harming lake trout, an important source of food for native communities.
Over-fishing removed the oysters and the hard substrate of shells that formed the sea base leaving a muddy base - thus
both increasing the sediment and removing the useful bivalves...
The resulting inflammation can cause thickening of the bladder wall and
increased sediment in the urine.
Warmer water and
increased sediment loads are harming lake trout, an important source of food for native communities.
Rapid sediment loading traps pore water in the sediment column faster than it can be expelled by
the increasing sediment load.
His research claims that siphoning off a third of the water from the Han River's Danjiangkou reservoir, as the plan calls for, will raise the risk of floods,
increase sediment and worsen water quality — hurting navigation and irrigation for local residents, and limiting supplies for industrial and municipal use.
Not exact matches
That is, as the angle of the streambed
increases, the quantity of water required to move
sediment should decrease in a simple 1 - to - 1 ratio.
As the slope
increased, the
sediment became more stable, requiring proportionately more water to begin
sediment transport.
They created a uniform layer of gravel on the bed of the flume and then began running water down it in
increasing quantities, measuring how much water was required to initiate
sediment motion.
Logic would suggest that steeper streambeds should allow for easy
sediment transport since, as the angle of the slope
increases, gravity should assist with moving water and
sediment downstream.
Thirteen currently used flame retardants are
increasing in Great Lakes
sediment, according to a February study.
Key to the basin's identification as a potential impact crater are the decrease in the strength of Earth's gravity over the site, indicating a large basin filled with younger low - density
sediments, and a strong
increase in the strength of Earth's magnetism at the site.
They may have been gradually buried in
sediment as millions of years passed by, and adapted to the
increasing temperatures and pressure, he says.
The temperature
increase triggered a chemical transformation within the
sediment, pushing water out of the mineral crystals and into tiny pores between the grains.
«These river structures and levees have
increased the stream velocity that keeps
sediments suspended but also during flooding
increase peak flows in downstream areas.
Finally,
sediments show a sudden
increase in the amount of nickel deposited at exactly this time.
This newest threat follows on the heels of overfishing,
sediment deposition, nitrate pollution in some areas, coral bleaching caused by global warming, and
increasing ocean acidity caused by carbon emissions.
When the pH of the ocean dips as a result of absorbing this excess gas, bottom
sediments rich in calcium carbonate begin to dissolve, countering the
increase in acidity.
The cores showed an
increase in abundance of grass in the same
sediments that showed a decrease in surface runoff.
The researchers found the chironomids burrowed into the
sediment, moving water and oxygen into the
sediment and
increased the levels of nutrients released into the
sediment porewater and water column.
The excursion has been detected in
sediments all over the world, and that's how Dickens pictures the
increase in methane emissions — 50 cold seeps wherever there now is one, all over the world.
As the ocean mass moves north, it absorbs additional carbon dioxide from decomposing organic matter in the water and
sediments,
increasing acidity.
Accumulating
sediment is extending the marsh, and scientists report oyster recruitment and
increased bird and fish activity around the sites.
Remarkably, the new records show that the
sediment delivery from land to this deep ocean location
increased four-fold during the PETM event.
Despite their importance, corals face a range of grave risks today, from bleaching triggered by
increasing seawater temperatures, to
sediment loads caused by terrestrial erosion from land development, to predation by crown - of - thorns starfish.
Dr Stephen Grimes of Plymouth University, who initiated the research project, highlighted the climate changes that must have caused this
increase in
sediment erosion and transport — «We have climate model simulations of the effect of warming on rainfall during the PETM event, and they show some changes in the average amounts of rainfall, but the largest change is how this rainfall is packaged up — it's concentrated in more rapid, extreme events — larger and bigger storms.»
«We observed very compact
sediments offshore of Washington and northern Oregon that could support earthquake rupture over a long distance and close to the trench, which
increases both earthquake and tsunami hazards,» said lead author Shuoshuo Han, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG).
«It's a pretty dramatic
increase in
sediment [entering streams],» write United States Geological Survey (USGS) geologist Joel Sankey and his colleagues, who will speak on the subject on Wednesday, 4 November, at the meeting of the Geological Society of America in Baltimore, Maryland.
The authors hypothesize the following sequence of events: Around 540 million years ago, the evolution of the first burrowing animals significantly
increased the extent to which oxygenated waters came into contact with ocean
sediments.
The amount of
sediment entering creeks after fires
increased with the proportion of the watershed that was burned and if the area burned repeatedly, said Sankey.
The models predicted erosion would
increase by at least 100 percent in a quarter of western U.S. watersheds between the start of the 21st century and 2050, a surprisingly large
increase in the amount of
sediment to enter local streams, according to Sankey.
«Since
sediment movement
increases non-linearly with drag imposed by the aloft winds, turbulent gusts literally amplify
sediment erosion and transport.»
Kuivila would like to see
increased monitoring of fungicides, but she acknowledges this won't be easy because they are hard to detect in
sediment.
Shorelines crumbled Without fresh
sediment and dead plants, shorelines began to collapse,
increasing the size of existing water bodies.
«
Sediment - exposed fish also increased the number of protective cells on their gills, presumably safeguarding the delicate tissue from the damage that sediment particles could cause
Sediment - exposed fish also
increased the number of protective cells on their gills, presumably safeguarding the delicate tissue from the damage that
sediment particles could cause
sediment particles could cause.»
Despite the rising sea level and therefore
increasing pressure, the simulation showed that towards the end of the ice age large amounts of gas hydrate became unstable and the released gas escaped through the
sediment to the seawater.
The
increased wave action reaches down and stirs up
sediments on shallow continental shelves, releasing radium and other chemicals that are carried up to the surface and swept away into the open ocean by currents such as the Transpolar Drift.
As a result, the amount of
sediment washing into the sea near the development had
increased fivefold.
Researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University have discovered that suspended
sediment damages fish gills and can
increase the rate of disease in fish.
«Periods of very intense North Atlantic circulation and higher Northern Hemisphere temperatures
increased the preservation of microfossils in the
sediment cores, whereas those with slower circulation, when the study site was primarily influenced from the south, were linked with decreased carbonate ion concentrations at our core site which led to partial dissolution,» said co-author Dr Luke Skinner, also from Cambridge's Department of Earth Sciences.
They also suggest that the amount of
sediment carried to the mouth of the Amazon each year and then dumped offshore should
increase over time — something actually seen in
sediment cores drilled from that area.
Dlugokencky, in an e-mail, wrote there have been «no significant
increases in Arctic emissions over the past few decades» and that it would take «centuries» for warming to affect methane hydrate — bearing
sediments.
The
increase in
sediments and nutrients following the flooding of the pre-existing reefs is likely to have been responsible for the poor water quality.
Under current projected rates of
sediment sinking and sea - level rise, the area of land at risk on deltas globally is expected to
increase by at least half by 2100.
Those heavier raindrops also compact the soil, causing it to absorb less water and
increasing runoff and
sediment, which clog rivers and contribute significantly to lowland flooding.
The loss of trees also
increases soil erosion, meaning banks are more susceptible to collapse and more
sediment ends up in the stream.
Abstract:
Increasing exposure to
sediment, nutrients and chemical pollutants are threatening an estimated 25 % of the world's coral reefs.
Bacteria, however, have remained Earth's most successful form of life — found miles deep below as well as within and on surface rock, within and beneath the oceans and polar ice, floating in the air, and within as well as on Homo sapiens sapiens; and some Arctic thermophiles apparently even have life - cycle hibernation periods of up to a 100 million years while waiting for warmer conditions underneath
increasing layers of sea
sediments (Lewis Dartnell, New Scientist, September 20, 2010; and Hubert et al, 2010).