Not exact matches
Over the past six months, the
prices of most commodities have
increased, although it is the
prices of iron ore and coking
coal that have risen particularly strongly.
And at the same time, he said he's going to
increase hydraulic fracturing, which is the main reason that
prices have gone down for natural gas and that's what put
coal miners out of work,» Sandalow said.
Cele notes that, «the demand from China for iron - ore continues to grow, but at a declining pace, further exacerbating
pricing pressure,» meaning that Vale's considerable investment in nickel,
coal, fertilisers and copper will only partially mitigate the impact of the
increase in iron - ore mining capacity globally on the company.
Excluding petroleum and
coal products, final manufacturing goods
prices increased by 0.9 per cent, the largest quarterly
increase in more than four years (Table 10).
Recent negotiations have secured large
increases in steaming
coal contract
prices for 2004 — reportedly as high as 70 per cent in US dollar terms — which will substantially
increase prices received by exporters in coming months.
The
prices of other resource commodities
increased on average by 5.8 per cent over the three months to April, driven by
increases in the
prices of alumina,
coal and iron ore.
The materials sector has risen by 16 per cent, boosted by continuing strength in base metals
prices and expectations of substantial
increases in contract
prices for
coal and iron ore.
Steaming
coal contract
prices, which rose by over 60 per cent in US dollar terms in 2004, are expected to
increase by at least another 20 per cent in the coming year.
For iron ore and
coal, substantial
increases in contract
prices are set to take effect later this year, building on the already sharp
increases of last year.
Rapid growth in global steel demand has also boosted contract
prices for other bulk commodities; coking
coal contract
prices increased, on average, by 25 — 35 per cent in US dollar terms in recent negotiations, while iron ore contract
prices have risen by close to 20 per cent.
There were
increases in the
prices of base metals and rural commodities of around 10 per cent and 2 1/2 per cent, respectively, which were offset by falls in the
prices of gold and
coal.
However, in the case of
coal, major
increases in export capacity will require better coordination between producers, infrastructure operators and governments, especially in respect of the financing and
pricing of new transport infrastructure.
Negotiations for
coal and iron ore contract
prices for 2005/06 have commenced, and further large rises are expected following the steep
increases in 2004/05.
These include warm summer weather, which drives up use of air conditioners and electricity, the
increased popularity of natural gas (versus
coal) among power producers (partly reflecting the low
price of the former), and cutbacks in production by some players in the natural - gas industry.
Bank of America Corp.'s Merrill Lynch & Co. unit
increased its
price forecast for Asian power - station
coal.
In actuality, it's the same reason that
coal prices have been cut in half over the last two years — demand is no longer
increasing at the rate it once was.
Steaming
coal producers appear to have achieved more modest
price increases of close to 20 per cent, though this follows rises of 68 per cent negotiated in 2004/05.
As a result of the strong global demand for steel, coking
coal producers negotiated an
increase of around 120 per cent in contract
prices, with iron ore contract
prices generally rising by more than 70 per cent (Graph 39).
The recent annual contract negotiations between suppliers and Japanese steelmakers for iron ore delivered
price increases of nearly 20 per cent in US dollar terms, with significant
increases expected in contract negotiations for
coal over coming months.
In fact, gas
prices would have to
increase fivefold, to an average $ 10 per million Btu over the life of a power plant, for
coal to become competitive again, the report notes.
First identified by William Jevons in 1865 — when he noticed more efficient engines
increased rather than reduced
coal use, as engines were put into more widespread use — the rebound effect for higher yields could see food
prices drop, encouraging greater consumption, more food waste and even more conversion of habitats to farmland.
$ 8 billion) over first ten years for deficit reductionObeys PAYGO; Starting in 2026, 25 % of auction revenues for deficit reductionFuels and TransportationIncrease biofuels to 60 million gallons by 2030, low - carbon fuel standard of 10 % by 2010, 1 million plug» in hybrid cars by 2025, raise fuel economy standards, smart growth funding, end oil subsidies, promote natural gas drilling, enhanced oil recoverySmart growth funding, plug - in hybrids, raise fuel economy standards $ 7 billion a year for smart growth funding, plug - in hybrids, natural gas vehicles, raise fuel economy standards; offshore drilling with revenue sharing and oil spill veto, natural gas fracking disclosureCost ContainmentInternational offsetsOffset pool, banking and borrowing flexibility, soft
price collar using permit reserve auction at $ 28 per ton going to 60 % above three - year - average market
price» Hard»
price collar between $ 12 and $ 25 per ton, floor
increases at 3 % + CPI, ceiling at 5 % + CPI, plus permit reserve auction, offsets like W - MClean Air Act And StatesNot discussedOnly polluters above 25,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, regional cap and trade suspended until 2017, EPA to set stationary source performance standards in 2016, some Clean Air Act provisions excludedOnly polluters above 25,000 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent a year, regional cap and trade pre-empted, establishes
coal - fired plant performance standards, some Clean Air Act provisions excludedInternational CompetitivenessTax incentives for domestic auto industryFree allowances for trade - exposed industries, 2020 carbon tariff on importsCarbon tariff on importsReferences: Barack Obama, 2007; Barack Obama, 8/3/08; Pew Center, 6/26/09; leaked drafts of American Power Act, 5/11/10.
Similarly, some have suggested that the US gas boom has depressed
coal prices, potentially leading to
increased imports and use by other countries.
As oil
prices increase,
Coal has effectively become the default fuel for electricity generation in the twenty - first century.
But here's what's changed: the sharp cost reductions now beginning to take place in solar, wind, and geothermal power — coupled with the recent dramatic
price increases for oil and
coal — have radically changed the economics of energy.
If a country is a large enough player in
coal export markets, then cutting back exports will
increase prices for internationally traded
coal, and hence give importers an incentive to use less.
The accessible carbon pool in
coal is sure to rise as
prices increase and extraction technology advances, but the real imponderable is how much
coal remains to be discovered.
Fully contracted renewable energy projects have the least transition risk while older, inefficient merchant
coal plants are likely to suffer disproportionately from the financial effects of carbon transition such as lower wholesale
prices, the cost of carbon credits, lower capacity factors and
increased operating or capital costs, according to the report.
However, in response to high global
prices — especially for coking
coal — in the Asian market, export production has been
increasing.
The Paris - based International Energy Agency (IEA) calls Europe's «
coal renaissance» a temporary phenomenon; it forecasts an
increasing use of renewables, shuttering of
coal plants, and a better balance between gas and
coal prices in the coming years.
thermal
coal prices in main harbors around the Bohai Sea have been
increasing for 10 weeks, reaching 832 yuan ($ 128) a ton on Wednesday, five yuan higher than last week.
This
coal industry PR and lobbying effort has nothing to do with protecting the average consumer from energy
price increases, as they like to suggest.
There was some bad news for Drax recently as the UK government decided that biomass subsidies would not keep climbing as the «carbon
price floor» — levied on fossil fuel production (and due to rise further)-- on electricity consumption has caused a backlash from manufacturers, consumer groups and energy suppliers who are concerned that the «tax will push up
prices, make the UK uncompetitive and force the premature closure of
coal - fired power plants,
increasing the risk of blackouts.»
A carbon tax on
coal destined to be burned will
increase the
price of electricity, but income tax, GST, or other taxes could be reduced so that the cost of living, and the total tax take, would remain the same.
However, this would be somewhat offset by a 5 to 10 %
increase in domestic
coal prices (Chinese only) as part of the NDRC's ongoing efforts to phase in electricity
price reform.
What she calls «claims» from those expressing concerns with the President's plan — that regulating carbon will
increase energy
prices, hurt the economy, destroy jobs, and wage war on
coal — more accurately reflect the facts.
Currently they estimate that adding CCS capabilities to a
coal - fired power plant would
increase the
price of the electricity produced by upwards of 60 percent, without including the cost of CO2 transportation, injection or monitoring.
At a time at which U.S. dependence on
coal is decreasing (due to
increased supplies of unconventional natural gas and hence lower gas
prices), China continues to rely on
coal, but is very concerned about this, partly because of localized health impacts of particulates and other pollutants.
So if Heinberg and Fridley are right,
coal prices will
increase, CCS will be confirmed as uneconomic and renewables will take over.
Cheaper natural gas has pushed out older, less - efficient
coal and oil generation; however, the region's
increasing overreliance on natural gas will provide few additional emissions benefits and
increases risks of
price volatility or supply disruption.
EIA's study indicates that for the United States as a whole, a 10 %
increase in the ratio of the delivered fuel
price of
coal to the delivered
price of natural gas leads to a 1.4 %
increase in the use of natural gas relative to
coal.
AGL says brown
coal can still spin off cash flow even with a carbon
price of more than $ 50 / t, particularly as the cost of gas and black
coal is expected to
increase dramatically in coming years.
The opportunity for the purchase was presented by a confluence of events — the Fukushima nuclear disaster last year, the generous support for brown
coal generators in the government's carbon
pricing package, which will see Loy Yang A alone get more than $ 1.2 billion in cash payments and free permits, and the anticipated sharp cost
increases for NSW black
coal generators as their subsidized source of
coal comes to an end.
Public policy can't make Texas more densely populated (in the short or even medium run) or cooler, but it could promote public transportation,
increase gasoline and electricity
prices, and shift electricity production towards less carbon intensive alternatives to
coal.
The
price of
coal would
increase dramatically if it reflected the cost borne by society from the pollution that causes hundreds of thousands of premature deaths each year in
coal - dependent countries.
Australia can't contribute more than a small fraction of just China's demand for
coal which has already resulted in the international traded
price of
coal increasing with more
increases likely in the future.
The net result is that the «delivered»
price of
coal has
increased on average 6.7 % per year in the US for the last decade.
Lower natural gas
prices resulted in reduced levels of
coal generation, and
increased natural gas generation — a less carbon - intensive fuel for power generation, which shifted power generation from the most carbon - intensive fossil fuel (
coal) to the least carbon - intensive fossil fuel (natural gas).
However, with a return to lower natural gas
prices in 2015 favoring
increased natural gas - fired generation,
coal's generation share dropped again.
If legislation requiring an emission performance standard for new
coal plants is enacted, then Congress should simultaneously take steps to offset the additional costs of installing CCS systems and provide relief from electricity
price increases.