Increasing model resolution was a step forward, but the door is open for other factors that may influence frequency.
EMBRACE will work to quantify the key upwelling processes and
increase model resolution in order to address this issue.
Not exact matches
It is important to understand how debt payments are managed in order to recognize that whether or not China's debt burden is socialized has very little to do with the
resolution of China's debt burden (aside from the fact that it never was «off» the government balance sheet in any meaningful way), just as analysts must recognize that an unsustainable
increase in debt is embedded into China's current growth
model, and is not an accidental bit of bad luck.
Our global climate
models zoom down to finer and finer
resolutions; our satellites reveal remote corners of the globe; we
increase our understanding of the response of giant ice sheets and deep ocean currents to a warming planet.
The
model presented in this publication provides biological linkages and
increased spatial
resolution that will
increase effectiveness of Whooping Crane conservation efforts.
Most
models produce output maps at a uniform
resolution, requiring a great
increase in computing power whenever a researcher demands finer detail.
Multiple high -
resolution climate
models confirmed that the
increasing trend is due mainly to human - caused global warming.
«We gradually
increased the physical complexity of numerical
models based on high -
resolution observations, and it is really a success story for the approach we've taken with IRIS.»
Observations and the high -
resolution climate
model CM2.6 show a strong relationship between a weakening Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and an
increase in the proportion of warm - temperate slope water entering the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf, primarily through the Gulf of Maine's Northeast Channel.
The potential role of ocean variability in the sub-seasonal atmospheric variability is another line of research that is
increasing its visibility with the advancement of high -
resolution ocean
modeling capabilities.
Despite these challenges, many future projections based on high -
resolution models suggest that anthropogenic warming may cause tropical storms globally to be more intense on average (with intensity
increases of 2 — 11 % by 2100).
Resolution has
increased and
models have generally abandoned the «rigid lid» treatment of the ocean surface.
«We find this fingerprint both in a high -
resolution climate
model in response to
increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and in the temperature trends observed since the late nineteenth century.»
As we've gone through time, climate
models have got more complex, so that's not only been due to
increasing resolution, but also adding more processes.
But along with this bump in
resolution, Sony has also done some other visual upgrades, including removing screen tearing (in Drake's Fortune specificially), improved lighting, improved texture
resolution, improved character
models,
increased draw distance, and even some improved shadows and particle effects.
Screen
resolution is VGA on SE, EX-L RES and Touring
models, and the Touring Elite's higher grade 16.2 - inch WVGA ultra-widescreen offers
increased resolution.
Let's look at exactly what Google did: they doubled the RAM, added a 5 MP rear facing web camera,
increased the
resolution, processor and offers LTE data
models.
For starters, there's a higher
resolution display, and though not a massive
increase in PPI, it looks noticeably better than the 7 - inch
model.
Does it is needed for work, study or play, it will suit your all needs 0.3 MP back camera + 0.3 MP front camera 7.0 inch screen: 1024 x 600 screen with full viewing angle act ultimate detail and lifelike color for a crystal - clear picture External memory: Support TF card up to 32 GB (not included) for easy expansion 3000mAh battery: Can meet the current, power and the temperature and
increase the performance dynamically AC adapter: 100 - 240V 0.3 A 50 / 60Hz (Input), 5V 2A (output) Other functions: WiFi / Bluetooth / Gravity Sensor / Sound recorder / Calendar / Calculator supported Cell Capacity: 3000mAh Display
Resolution: 1024x600 Extend Port: DC Jack, Earphone Jack, Micro USB, TF card Feature: Dual Cameras, Ultra Slim Google Play: Yes ḀḀMemory Capacity: 512 MB Network Communiction: Bluetooth, WiFi Operating system: Android 4.4 Processor Main Frequency: Quad Core Processor Manufacture: Allwinner Processor
Model: A33 Tablet Data Capacity: 4GB / 8 GB Touch Screen Type: Capacitive Screen Package: 1xTablet PC 1xUSB Cable 1xPower Adapter 1xProtection Cover
[3] The extension of VHS to VHS HQ
increased the apparent
resolution to 250 lines so that overall a Betamax / VHS user could expect virtually identical luma
resolution and chroma
resolution (≈ 30 lines) wherein the actual picture performance depended on other factors including the condition and quality of the videotape and the specific video recorder machine
model.
It's not just
increased resolution, that's for sure: elements like textures and
models have been redone, audio has been revamped as well, with new foley (everyday sound effects... Continue reading →
Over that time,
model simulations have become demonstrably more realistic (Reichler and Kim, 2008) as
resolution has
increased and parameterisations have become more sophisticated.
Are efforts best used in making global
model output more applicable to the local scale, or in
increasing the local skill and
resolution of global
models?
In our own
modelling, we have improved the calculations to reduce the amount of numerical diffusion (which helped a lot), and
increased resolution (which also helped), but changes to the ocean
model also have a big impact, as do Arctic cloud processes and surface albedo parameterisations, so it gets complicated fast.
Obviously, there is need for significant
increases in
resolution of the RCMs, as past studies indicate a significant sensitivity of results to
model resolution.
The atmospheric components of climate
models were never really designed for the study of TCs, but the fact that they can produce features with TC - like character when run at sufficiently high
resolutions, gives us
increased confidence in the possibility that climate
models can be used to analyze climate change impacts on TCs.
And I do think there are a number of questions about interpretation of observations, and the details of the climate
model experiment (the very large exponentially
increasing freshwater fluxes, the low -
resolution of the ocean which obscures the potentially important role of wind - driven ocean gyres, etc.).
# 37 — ``... how can the
models predict an
increase and measure the rate of that
increase if the
resolution is insufficient or if the absolute SST is not taken into account?»
# 34 Steve With regard to the hurricanes, how can the
models predict an
increase and measure the rate of that
increase if the
resolution is insufficient or if the absolute SST is not taken into account?
2) As the
resolution of
models has
increased, is there any trend regarding the predicted temperature changes?
Just to clarify — there are aspects of
modelling where
increased resolution and more detailed physics will very likely lead to improved insight and better understanding (cloud
models, micro-physics of aerosols, tropical cyclones, ocean eddies etc.).
«Future projections based on theory and high -
resolution dynamical
models consistently suggest that greenhouse warming will cause the globally averaged intensity of tropical cyclones to shift towards stronger storms,» Knutson et al. (2010); Grinsted et al. (2013) projected «a twofold to sevenfold
increase in the frequency of Katrina magnitude events for a 1 °C rise in global temperature.»
The aim of
increasing resolution in AGCMs is generally to improve the simulation of surface climatology compared to coarser
resolution models (Cubash et al., 1995).
This clearly demonstrates a potential drawback of
increasing the
resolution of a
model without comprehensively retuning the physics.
One recent study used higher
resolution atmospheric
models and found that several regions over the US experienced an
increase in wind energy of around 2 %.
Increasing the grid -
resolution of an atmosphere or ocean
model, or introducing more realistic representations of particular processes, generally (but not always) makes the climate which it simulates more realistic.
Moreover, changes in
models often affect climate simulations in ways that are understandable in physical, real - world terms;
increasing an ocean -
model's
resolution, for example, makes the simulated Gulf Stream stronger, and thus enhances heat transport to the North Atlantic.
Finally, the HiFLOR
model further
increases the
resolution to 16 × 16 miles.
For example, the two
models with the highest
resolution (FLOR and HiFLOR) show
increased extreme precipitation during the Atlantic hurricane season in the U.S. southeast.
NOAA scientists have developed a new high -
resolution climate
model that shows southwestern Australia's long - term decline in fall and winter rainfall is caused by
increases in manmade greenhouse gas emissions and ozone depletion, according to research published today in Nature Geoscience.
«We find this fingerprint both in a high -
resolution climate
model in response to
increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and in the temperature trends observed since the late nineteenth century.»
Many GCM
modelling groups
increasing the
resolution from ~ 250 km grid boxes 7 years ago to ~ 100 km grid boxes today.
The inability of global climate
models to match the timing or placement of short - term or regional precipitation patterns such as the West African monsoon may be alleviated by «downscaling» to use smaller scale climate
models with
increased area
resolution.
This
model resolution increase leads naturally to
model development and evaluation exercises that pay closer attention to smaller scales, in this case, regional instead of global scales.
[23] Forecasts at long leads will inevitably not be particularly sharp (have particularly high
resolution), for the inevitable (albeit usually small) errors in the initial condition will grow with
increasing forecast lead until the expected difference between two
model states is as large as the difference between two random states from the forecast
model's climatology.
However, BartH gave some examples in this discussion however that these sorts of projections can still be useful and also examples where higher
resolution and / or RCM's in comparison with GCM's resulted in
increased model skill.
Perhaps that will change with
increasing resolution, perhaps not, but it probably means that no one knows and the apparent failure of the
models in this regard should give pause to all.
Many GCM
modelling groups have been
increasing the
resolution from ~ 250 km grid boxes 7 years ago to ~ 100 km grid boxes today.
However, future projections based on theory and high -
resolution dynamical
models consistently indicate that greenhouse warming will cause the globally averaged intensity of tropical cyclones to shift towards stronger storms, with intensity
increases of 2 — 11 % by 2100.
Balanced against this, higher
resolution modelling studies typically project substantial
increases in the frequency of the most intense cyclones, and
increases of the order of 20 % in the precipitation rate within 100 km of the storm centre.