Sentences with phrase «increasing synaptic»

«We have shown for the first time that increasing synaptic connectivity within engram cell circuits can be used to treat memory loss in mouse models of early Alzheimer's disease,» said lead author Dheeraj Roy in a release.

«We have shown for the first time that increasing synaptic connectivity within engram cell circuits can be used to treat memory loss in mouse models of early Alzheimer's disease,» says lead author Dheeraj Roy.

Using data gathered from the sessions, Grassi's team discovered increased synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, a region of the brain critical to memory processing and storage.

But several researchers have concluded that supplementing with all three nutrients can increase synaptic formation and improve cognition and memory, particularly in people with Alzheimer's disease (15 - 21).

Not exact matches

They found that exercise may help cognition by increasing blood and oxygen to the brain, increasing levels of norepinephrine, and endorphins to decrease stress and improve mood, and increasing growth factors that help create new nerve cells and support synaptic plasticity.

Two functional effects of decreased conductance EPSP's: synaptic augmentation and increased electrotonic coupling

This finding is in accordance with earlier animal model studies, which have shown that physical activity increases the amount of growth factors in the brain and improves synaptic plasticity.

In summary, we believe that this is a groundbreaking study that opens new lines of inquiry which will increase understanding of the molecular details of synaptic function in health and disease.»

The existence of this enzyme may account for the increased amount of adenosine 3», 5» monophosphate associated with synaptic activity in the ganglion.

Li Li said: «For the first time, we have shown that visual learning can increase the density of nerve connections in this area of the brain and that an enriched environment, where bees are exposed to many colours without learning anything from them, can also affect the synaptic organisation in the brain.»

They used a somewhat bizarre technique in which two mice were sutured together in such as way that they shared a circulatory system (known as parabiosis), and found old mice joined to their youthful counterparts showed changes in gene activity in a brain region called the hippocampus as well as increased neural connections and enhanced «synaptic plasticity» — a mechanism believed to underlie learning and memory in which the strength of neural connections change in response to experience.

Consistent with recent studies of such changes, we find that long - lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission between cultured hippocampal neurons is accompanied by an increase in the number of clusters of postsynaptic glutamate receptors containing the subunit GluR1.

However, because the treatments affected the cultures globally and did not precisely target synapses, the researchers next applied substances that increase the firing of glutamate neurons by acting solely at synaptic sites.

Analysis of synaptic events indicated that forskolin, acting through PKA, increased the amplitude and decay time of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents.

We found that synaptic communication slows down when microautophagic activity is reduced (i.e. when the cellular debris is not broken down) and that it speeds up when microautophagic activity increases (when more cellular debris is broken down).

They then directly linked high synaptic activity to amyloid - beta increases.

A Neuroligin - 3 Mutation Implicated in Autism Increases Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Mice

Mal - gluc modulates histone acetylation of the Rac1 gene and allows transcription activators to access the DNA for increased transcription in the brain, which influences the expression of genes responsible for synaptic plasticity.

These data suggest that increased inhibitory synaptic transmission may contribute to human ASDs and that the R451C knockin mice may be a useful model for studying autism - related behaviors.

An identified molluscan interneuron mediates different cholinergic synaptic actions by increasing the conductance of its follower cells to different ions.

Unexpectedly, these behavioral changes were accompanied by an increase in inhibitory synaptic transmission with no apparent effect on excitatory synapses.

Increasing evidence suggests that the synaptic functions of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), that is key to Alzheimer (AD) pathogenesis, may be carried out by its secreted ectodomain.

When the researchers modeled the effects in mice, they found it strengthened the connections between neurons that make learning possible — what is known as synaptic plasticity — by increasing the action of a cell receptor critical to forming memories.

Excitation - transcription coupling via CaMK / ERK signaling mediates the coordinate induction of VGLUT2 and Narp triggered by a prolonged increase in glutamatergic synaptic activity.

This project will increase our fundamental knowledge of the synapse and will shed light on the physiopathology of several neuropsychiatric illnesses in which synaptic defects are at the core of the disease.

The researchers, chiefly from the Broad Institute, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, found that a person's risk of schizophrenia is dramatically increased if they inherit variants of a gene important to «synaptic pruning» — the healthy reduction during adolescence of brain cell connections that are no longer needed.

Mice genetically engineered to lack PirB, or treated with an infusion of soluble PirB directly into the brain, also showed an increase in synaptic density and signalling in the visual cortex.

Over-expression of stargazin leads to increases of extra-synaptic AMPA receptors whilst over-expression of PSD95 leads to increased recruitment of synaptic receptors, but in neither case is synaptic function altered (Schnell et al 2002).

Our studies reveal the existence of two segregated excitatory synaptic microcircuits that propagate homeostatic sleep information from different populations of intrinsic MB «Kenyon cells» (KCs) to specific sleep - regulating MBONs: sleep - promoting KCs increase sleep by preferentially activating the cholinergic MBONs, while wake - promoting KCs decrease sleep by preferentially activating the glutamatergic MBONs.

This leads to excess hormones in the synaptic gap, causing elevated bodily responses from the elevated hormone levels, such as increased energy and confidence.

Gross, C., Chang, C. - W., Kelly, S.M., Bhattacharya, A., McBride, S.M.J., Molinaro, G., Raj, N., Allen, A.G., Whyte, A.J., Danielson, S.W., Jiang, M.Q., Chan, C. - B., Ye, K., Gibson, J.R., Klann, E., Jongens, T.A., Moberg, K.H., Gourley, S.L., Huber, K.M., and Bassell, G.J. (2015) Increased expression of the PI3K enhancer PIKE mediates deficits in synaptic plasticity and behavior in fragile X syndrome.

Enhanced amyloidogenic processing of APP by the ß - site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE) and the γ - secretase complex and reduced clearance lead to increased intracellular levels of soluble oligomeric Aß, resulting in cellular dysfunction comprising e.g., synaptic failure, mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced oxidative stress, neurotransmitter and neurotrophin depletion, inflammation, and apoptosis which is reflected in patients as clinical symptoms such as cognitive deficits [2, 3].

One study concluded that magnesium threonate increases the number of synaptic connections between brain cells and boosts the density of synapses (30).

Studies show that nitric oxide signaling and the blood flow increases it stimulates play a central role in nerve cell maintenance, growth and repair.,, Most pertinent to anyone looking to enhance their aptitude for learning, nitric oxide - induced blood flow also makes forming new memories physically possible as it plays a key role in what neurologists call long - term potentiation, a process required for assembling and reinforcing new synaptic connections throughout the entire cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus.

For example, KBs were recently reported to act as neuroprotective agents by raising ATP levels and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in neurological tissues, 80 together with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, which may help to enhance the regulation of synaptic function.80 Moreover, the increased synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulated by a KD may have a role in the regulation of neuronal membrane excitability: it has been demonstrated, for example, that polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the excitability of neurons by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels.81 Another possibility is that by reducing glucose metabolism, ketogenic diets may activate anticonvulsant mechanisms, as has been reported in a rat model.82 In addition, caloric restriction per se has been suggested to exert neuroprotective effects, including improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis, and inhibition of proinflammatory mediators, such as the cytokines tumour necrosis factor - α and interleukins.83 Although promising data have been collected (see below), at the present time the real clinical benefits of ketogenic diets in most neurological diseases remain largely speculative and uncertain, with the significant exception of its use in the treatment of convulsion diseases.

Increased perfusion to brain tissue, decreased body weight, upregulation of growth factors and improved synaptic plasticity may all be molecular mechanisms underlying the benefits of enrichment and activity therapies.

However, it has also been proposed that 4 - AP might lead to clinical improvement by an increase in neurotransmitter release or an increase in the number of activated synaptic terminals [47].