Sentences with phrase «increasing temperature gradient»

If we prepare the gas in any of the infinity of hydrodynamically stable states with a vertically increasing temperature gradient, the cold dense gas is on the bottom, the warm less dense gas is on the top.

You can read the technical reasons below, but the key point for this discussion is that increasing greenhouse gases increases the temperature gradient from the surface.

The core science, the radiative transfer equations that determine the way increasing CO2 increases the temperatures gradient between the emission altitude and the surface, derived from military research on heat seeking missile and detection systems.

the radiative transfer equations that determine the way increasing CO2 increases the temperatures gradient between the emission altitude

By conservation of energy, somewhere else (ie the lower troposphere & surface) must be warmed ABOVE 255 K. Radiative gases will tend to increase this temperature gradient; convection will try to limit this temperature gradient.

This cooling increases the temperature gradient between Antarctica and the surrounding oceans, which in turn leads to stronger winds and ocean currents.

So for a time at least, increased DLR will result in an increased temperature gradient near the surface.

If its the RC article of the Minnett experiment you're talking about, then thats more along the lines of the SoD hypothesis where increased DLR causes an increased temperature gradient at the surface which in turn makes it more difficult for the heat to pass through.

Even if this hypothesis was at first founded upon assumptions for the absorption of carbon dioxide which are not strictly correct, it is still an open question whether an examination of the «protecting» influence of the higher atmospheric layers upon lower ones may not show that a decrease of the carbon dioxide will have important consequences, owing to the resulting decrease in the radiation of the upper layers and the increased temperature gradient at the earth's surface.

Not exact matches

The north - south gradient of increasing glacier retreat was found to show a strong pattern with ocean temperatures, whereby water is cold in the north - west, and becomes progressively warmer at depths below 100m further south.

During her master thesis, D. Batista investigated the effects of increased temperature on freshwater decomposers along a gradient of cadmium stress, which resulted on a publication in the journal «Environmental Pollution».

My question is, how do expect to be able to maintain a much higher temperature gradient during the LGM than we have today between tropics and high latitudes, since this would tend to increase heat flux.

However, the surface cooling from ice melt increases surface and lower tropospheric temperature gradients, and in stark contrast to the case without ice melt, there is a large increase of mid-latitude eddy energy throughout the midlatitude troposphere.

However, the surface cooling from ice melt increases surface and lower tropospheric temperature gradients, and in stark contrast to the case without ice melt, there is a large increase in midlatitude eddy energy throughout the midlatitude troposphere.

This causes a temperature gradient on Pluto, resulting in temperatures increasing with altitude up to minus 173 C (minus 279 F).

At this time the E-W sea surface temperature gradients in both the Pacific and Indian Oceans increased [29], [31] intensifying the E-W moisture transport in the tropics, which greatly increased rainfall variability both on a precession and an ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) time - scales.

That suggests a role for vertical temperature gradients in strengthening winds, such vertical gradients should increase with more global warming.

So the mechanism should cause a decline in skin temperature gradients with increased cloud cover (more downward heat radiation), and there should also be a decline in the difference between cool skin layer and ocean bulk temperatures - as less heat escapes the ocean under increased atmospheric warming.

Increased warming of the cool skin layer (via increased greenhouse gases) lowers its temperature gradient (that is the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the layer), and this reduces the rate at which heat flows out of the ocean to the atIncreased warming of the cool skin layer (via increased greenhouse gases) lowers its temperature gradient (that is the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the layer), and this reduces the rate at which heat flows out of the ocean to the atincreased greenhouse gases) lowers its temperature gradient (that is the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the layer), and this reduces the rate at which heat flows out of the ocean to the atmosphere.

Because of their effect on lowering the temperature gradient of the cool skin layer, increased levels of greenhouse gases lead to more heat being stored in the oceans over the long - term.

In this zone there is no thermal convection; while the material grows cooler as altitude increases, this temperature gradient is too low to drive convection.

[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, raising temperatures globally; the second GHG, water vapor, exists in equilibrium with water / ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2, so acts as a feedback; since the oceans cover so much of the planet, water is a large positive feedback; melting snow and ice as the atmosphere warms decreases albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger polar warming than the global average; decreasing the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are increasing in amplitude and slowing, just like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders increase the amplitude and duration of blocking highs, increasing drought and extreme temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives — hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)

Hence the increased GHG steepens the surface - to - top temperature gradient.]

First as the temperature gradient in the atmosphere increases, at a certain point the atmosphere becomes unstable (because rising (falling) packets of air do not cool (warm) fast enough by expansion (compression) to stop rising (falling)-RRB-.

What we * do * suggest is that the weakened poleward temperature gradient owing to the rapidly warming Arctic relative to mid-latitudes (Arctic amplification) should increase the north - south component of the upper - level flow, making highly wavy jet - stream patterns (like the one this winter) more likely.

When this point is reached convection starts and effectively prevents the temperature gradient from increasing further.

I think I understand why in theory changing the constituents in the atmosphere (ie adding anthropogenic CO2 or the Enhanced GH effect) could change the ability of the atmosphere to absorb outgoing energy (see the Y. Kushnir GISS / IDEO / Columbia U. summer 05 lecture notes and slides http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~kushnir/MPA-ENVP/Climate/, especially for absorbtion spectra), and result in a change in the slope of the temperature gradient from the TOA to ground level, and result in an increase in ground level temperatures.

Think of what would happen if you could pump cold deep water up to the surface, increasing the air / sea temperature gradient and warming the water; that would give you an anomalously large ocean heat uptake.

Indeed, there is a clear physical reason why this is the case — the increase in water vapour as surface air temperature rises causes a change in the moist - adiabatic lapse rate (the decrease of temperature with height) such that the surface to mid-tropospheric gradient decreases with increasing temperature (i.e. it warms faster aloft).

Thus, if the absorption of the infrared emission from atmospheric greenhouse gases reduces the gradient through the skin layer, the flow of heat from the ocean beneath will be reduced, leaving more of the heat introduced into the bulk of the upper oceanic layer by the absorption of sunlight to remain there to increase water temperature.

And ABOVE this skin, there is no reason why the stratosphere should cool — IMHO the argument that the temperature gradient must still be larger is INCORRECT, because in the transparent regime, the heat flux is no more linked to temperature gradient (hence the temperature increase with altitude...)

Removing this effect from Figure 2 (ie removing some of the hypothetical skin minus bulk temperature differences due to windy, cloudy conditions) would increase the calculated gradient further.

Losing ice, reducing the poleward temperature gradient, and warming the entire climate system should contribute to increasing the likelihood of anomalous storms.

Of course, there are plenty of negative feedbacks as well (the increase in long wave radiation as temperatures rise or the reduction in atmospheric poleward heat flux as the equator - to - pole gradient decreases) and these (in the end) are dominant (having kept Earth's climate somewhere between boiling and freezing for about 4.5 billion years and counting).

If the DLR decreases, the temperature gradient between the surface skin and bulk increases, and more heat flows from the ocean depths to the surface where it is radiated away.

Nice misconception you have going there but the real argument is that CO2 can lower the temperature gradient of the cool skin layer, which slows the heat loss to the atmosphere and increased levels of greenhouse gases lead to more heat being stored in the oceans over the long - term.

Though hurricanes strenthen when moving over warmer water, this is merely due to the fact that the horizontal temperature gradient of the atmosphere is not as steep, i.e. the temperature differential between the water and the atmosphere increases as the storm hits tropical waters; it is not the ocean temperature per se that drives the hurricane.

In the worst case, as the temperature gradient between the freezing water and the air increases, the energy transfer from the water to the air may now equal the energy loss from the air, at which point the air will stop getting colder.

Black carbon disrupts the South Asian monsoon (by altering the land - sea temperature gradient that drives the movement of moist air), helps melt the Greenland ice sheet (by increasing the solar energy the darkened ice absorbs), and accelerates the retreat of Himalayan glaciers.

«In the southern hemisphere, the increase in wind power depends on the land - sea thermal gradient, and apparently the stronger emissions scenario (RCP8.5) is needed to make the difference in temperature and thus pressure between land and sea strong enough to amplify the winds.»

Recently however the temperature extreme has become divided — creating sharp geographical gradients and thereby greatly increasing the chances of truly influencing European weather through the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).

Ocean surface cooling, in the North Atlantic as well as the Southern Ocean, increases tropospheric horizontal temperature gradients, eddy kinetic energy and baroclinicity, which drive more powerful storms.

Stronger vertical mixing invigorates the MOC [Meridonal Overturning Circulation] by an order of magnitude, increases ocean heat transport by 50 — 100 %, reduces the zonal mean equator - to - pole temperature gradients by up to 6 °C, lowers tropical peak terrestrial temperatures by up to 6 °C, and warms high - latitude oceans by up to 10 °C.»

While Trenberth only draws your attention to anomalously warm sea surface temperatures, the east coast was experiencing record cold temperatures that increased the pressure gradient.

The sea ice in the Siberian Arctic is peaking, its effect on the meridional temperature gradient strong, promoting increased zonal flow of large - scale winds, which advect warm air and moisture over the Eurasian continent from the Atlantic and disrupt vertical stratification near the surface and promote high cloudiness, both of which lead to increasing temperatures — greatest at low altitudes and high latitudes.

«If Greenland freshwater shuts down deepwater formation and cools the North Atlantic several degrees, the increased horizontal temperature gradient will drive superstorms stronger than any in modern times,» Hansen said in the video.

«Departures from the expected increase in temperature with depth (the geothermal gradient) can be interpreted in terms of changes in temperature at the surface in the past, which have slowly diffused downward, warming or cooling layers meters below the surface.»

Sea level pressure changes in the two solstice seasons from a GCM simulation with increased sea surface temperature gradient minus a simulation with a decreased gradient in the Atlantic (top row), in the Pacific (middle row), and increased gradient in the Atlantic along with a decreased gradient in the Pacific minus the reverse (bottom row).

It does magnify the night - time greenhouse effect by warming the clouds or the higher levels of the atmosphere, thus increasing the amount of heat radiated back to the surface; though the overall effect is to reduce net planetary greenhouse warming by limiting the temperature gradient.

Increases in carbon dioxide enhance the greenhouse effect and cause global warming, which would reduce the temperature gradient between the equator and the poles.