Warm mist humidifiers work by heating water and cooling it down to a preset temperature, and they help asthmatics by
increasing the humidity at a constant temperature.
Not exact matches
We hypothesized that the over would be profitable
at Coors Field but, knowing that
humidity levels
increase during the summer, we hypothesized that they would be particularly profitable during the late season.
Cui says the issue is not with the telescope, but with
increasing dust and
humidity at the site, which now gets only 120 clear nights a year, down from more than 200 when LAMOST was being planned.
... or is any AO / NAM trend driven partly by changes in storm track positions themselves being forced by other changes besides specifically AO / NAM (reduced static stability
at higher latitudes, reduced lower tropospheric temp gradient,
increased gradient in upper troposphere and lower stratosphere,
increased humidity, variations in all those with latitude and longitude...)??
Do you know by how much the heart rate can
increase at different intensity levels due to high temperature and high
humidity?
Also: which type of coconut milk is best, bike workouts in a hotel, choosing the best (elliptical) chain rings, which fats are the healthiest, is sugar free dark chocolate ok, controlling the urge to snack
at work, stress incontinence in female runners,
increased heart rate in heat and
humidity, correcting an estrogen imbalance, and how much to workout while lowering cortisol levels.
At our laboratory, the body temperature of most greyhounds
increases to only 41 °C after a 500 - m race in the early morning when the ambient temperature is ∼ 30 °C and
humidity is > 50 %.
Deaths may be reduced when infected puppies are reared in incubators
at increased temperatures (95 °F [35 °C], 50 % relative
humidity) and given adequate fluids and supportive therapy.
And specific
humidity has been
increasing at all levels of the troposphere (IPCC AR4 3.4)(the stratosphere too, but that is a somewhat separate issue).
Although there is some uncertainty as to exactly how much the
humidity will
increase it can be irrefutably stated that the feedback is
at least another one degree celsius per doubling of CO2.
The (apparent) slower rate of projected model warming for a higher absolute temperature may be related to other factors like cloud amount and geographical distribution
at higher absolute
humidity, or
increases in convective transport (due to more atmospheric instability)
at higher absolute
humidity.
re Gavin @ 223 I know what the mean global temperature is (actually, I don't, see below) but the question was why is this a meaningful metric for looking
at changes over time, when you could get the same global mean from very different distributions of temperature (eg
increase the poles, decrease the tropics) which would have very different interpretations of energy balance (
at least if I am right that
humidity matters)?
Now since relative
humidity remains roughly constant
at the ocean surface and the air's capacity to hold water
increases with temperature, relative
humidity will actually decrease over land, particularly as one enters the continental interiors.
Now suppose that atmospheric circulations don't change
at all and that
humidity in the lower troposphere
increases, following Clausius - Clapeyron.
CO2's effect of stimulating plant growth and
increasing plant tolerance of aridity contributed to revegetating large areas of land that were desert
at the LGM, compounding the effects of an
increase in atmospheric
humidity, reduced land / ocean surface ocean ration, and
increased warmth, all of which combined caused the reduction of airborne dust and atmosperic albedo.
The water vapor feedback (a generally positive feedback)-- there is an roughly exponential
increase in saturation water vapor pressure with
increasing temperature, and the relative
humidity (
at a given vertical level) overall tends not to change a lot globally, though there will be different regional trends associated with shifting precipitation patterns.
The condensation level
at the top of the boundary layer will prevent this
increased humidity reaching further up into the atmosphere, because it will be rained out from the clouds
at the condensation level.
Short - term observations by Minschwaner + Dessler (2004) showed that SH
increased with warming, but only
at less than one - fourth the amount required to maintain fixed relative
humidity.
Basically Miskolczi has looked
at the thermodynamics of water vapor and CO2 and found that they interact such that, as CO2 rises, absolute
humidity decreases, creating a relatively constant heat - trapping effect, if not a decreased effect with an
increasing proportion of CO2.
Given the Clausius - Clapeyron relationship, the
humidity of saturation
increases roughly 8 % for every 1 °C, doubling for every 10 °C, where relative
humidity remains roughly constant and therefore absolute
humidity increases at 8 % per 1 °C.
I had stated that globally the rate of evaporation and precipitation
increase at the same rate as the
humidity of saturation, that is, by 8 % per 1 °C based on a roughly constant residence time, but this is false:
Should the water amplification mechanism of CO2's GHG effect be true, one would also expect to see an
increase in the
humidity,
at altitude,
at the same light flux.
This snowpack accumulation near the poles, which gets its water via the Arctic and Antarctic oceans, that in turn rob it from equatorial latitudes of our oceans, also results in a reduction in the earth's spin axis moment of inertia and causes the spin rate to
increase as evidenced in the recent history of the rate
at which Leap Seconds are added to our calendar (see Wysmuller's Toucan Equation for more on this evidence that during this warm time with much greater polar
humidity, earlier seasonal, later seasonal and heavier snows are beginning to move water vapor from the oceans to the poles to re-build the polar ice caps and lead us into a global cooling, while man - made CO2 continues to
increase http://www.colderside.com/faq.htm).
Specific
humidity has
increased at lower altitudes, but has decreased
at high altitudes.
The decreasing specific
humidity (especially
at 300 and 400 mb levels) almost totally offsets the GHE of
increasing CO2 content.
A quick look
at absolute
humidity rising with an average RH being constant, one has for 5 deg C, only a 30 %
increase in h2o vapor.
Hence, decreases in relative
humidity occur
at stations experiencing the largest temperature
increases in winter and spring as shown in Fig. 7.
I find looking
at available data that since the
increase in absolute
humidity is larger than the
increase in precipitation, with cloudiness pretty much a wash, that the evidence supports the existence of a water vapor feedback that is positive.
Air in clouds and immediately next to the ocean surface is
at or near 100 % relative
humidity, so as temperatures
increase the absolute
humidity there also
increases.
Henry@daveSpringer OK, I did find
humidity (RH) decreasing in Easter island
at a phenomenal rate of -0.216 % per annum since whilst precipiation
increased at almost 2 mm / month / annum (since 1975).
Measurement of CO2 concentration is always problematic; the «Standard Dry Air» SDA basis of measurement and comparison is
at standard temperature and pressure which is a non-existent parameter; and as we are seeing, CO2 is not a well - mixed gas
at all and will be defined by, amongst other variables, SH, or absolute
humidity; SH can vary from 0 to 5 % by volume of atmosphere; as the SH
increases, the absolute amount of other gases, including CO2, decreases; to say therefore that atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have remained stable and not been above 280ppm over the last 650my is fanciful; even if you assume past CO2 levels have not got above 280ppm the range of variation within that limit has been greater than the current
increase;
It has
increased the
humidity of the atmosphere, altered the atmospheric vertical motion and associated cloud fields, and perturbed the longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes
at the continental surface.
Over the ocean, the observed surface specific
humidity increases at 5.7 % per 1ºC warming, which is consistent with a constant relative
humidity.
Maybe I'm not reading it properly, but the spreadsheet appears to show DECLINING specific
humidity at 850mb and above and
INCREASING specific
humidity at 950mb and below.
The models assume very small declines and
increases (less than 1 % pp) in relative
humidity at these levels over the same period (depending on height) so the data would be very inconsistent with the models and the theory.
There is
increasing specific
humidity at the lower levels, some decline in higher levels but the weighted average is constant.
Climate models (for various obscure reasons) tend to maintain constant relative
humidity at each atmospheric level, and therefore have an
increasing absolute
humidity at each level as the surface and atmospheric temperatures
increase.
Philipona et al. (2004) measured the changes and trends of radiative fluxes
at the surface and their relation to greenhouse gas
increases and temperature and
humidity changes measured from 1995 to 2002
at eight stations of the Alpine Surface Radiation Budget (ASRB) network.
This is important with regard to H20, as
humidity drops rapidly and the wave lengths that are absorbed by this molecule now escape
at a greatly
increased rate and so back radiation diminishes accordingly.
At the high - end scenario of global warming, in which global average temperatures
increase to 8.46 degrees Fahrenheit above 1986 - 2005 average levels by 2100, the report found that «the combination of high temperature and
humidity in some areas for parts of the year is projected to compromise normal human activities, including growing food or working outdoors.»
By 2085, an estimated 5.2 billion people — more than 3 billion additional people worldwide — are projected to be
at risk for dengue because of climate change - induced
increases in
humidity that contribute to the disease's spread, based on models that use observed relationships between weather patterns and dengue outbreaks.6 Researchers in Australia and New Zealand calculated that climate change is projected to
increase the range and risk of dengue in these countries.
This causes me to speculate that an
increase in boundary layer
humidity could
increase the likelihood of clouds
at the top of the boundary layer.
According to Isaac Held, climate models predict that the relative
humidity over oceans will have to rise about 1 % (a 5 %
increase in 1 — RH) to suppress surface evaporation which would otherwise rise
at 7 % / degC and create a surface energy imbalance (because DLR
increases with warming nearly as fast as OLR).
«If relative
humidity stays constant — and that's what we expect with climate change — and temperatures go up, that means the amount of moisture in the atmosphere is
increasing non-linearly,» says Tom Matthews, a climatologist
at Liverpool John Moores University in the UK, who led the research.