Sentences with phrase «increasing urban effects»

Not exact matches

Because it reduces price and increases volume, it suggests that if Uber ultimately succeeds, the company could have a much bigger impact on urban mobility, labor, the environment, local economies and the national transportation infrastructure than we've all supposed — and its effects could confound the expectations of its harshest critics.

By exaggerating the economic benefits of road capacity increase and underestimating its negative effects, omission of induced traffic can result in overallocation of public money on road construction and correspondingly less focus on other ways of dealing with congestion and environmental problems in urban areas.

The huge amount of land devoted to parking lots leads to increased water pollution and the urban heat island effect.

There is an increasing body of evidence on the effect of urban nature on human health.

Increasing levels of ozone, in turn, trap more heat, exacerbating the urban heat island effect: Cities are normally about five to 10 degrees hotter than surrounding suburbs because asphalt and cement absorb sunlight, generating a vicious cycle of escalating pollution and heat.

The field of urban planning is gaining interest as cities around the world, including nearby Houston, are facing increased exposure to weather - related risks and hazards ranging from sea level rise and flooding to temperature build - up and urban heat island effect.

Innovative urban design could create increased access to active transport.99 The compact geographical area found in cities presents opportunities to reduce energy use and emissions of heat - trapping gases and other air pollutants through active transit, improved building construction, provision of services, and infrastructure creation, such as bike paths and sidewalks.303, 318 Urban planning strategies designed to reduce the urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban design could create increased access to active transport.99 The compact geographical area found in cities presents opportunities to reduce energy use and emissions of heat - trapping gases and other air pollutants through active transit, improved building construction, provision of services, and infrastructure creation, such as bike paths and sidewalks.303, 318 Urban planning strategies designed to reduce the urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311Urban planning strategies designed to reduce the urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban populations.311, 303

Increasing evidence suggests that urban heat island effects extend to changes in precipitation, clouds and DTR, with these detectable as a «weekend effect» owing to lower pollution and other effects during weekends.

-- 7) Forest models for Montana that account for changes in both climate and resulting vegetation distribution and patterns; 8) Models that account for interactions and feedbacks in climate - related impacts to forests (e.g., changes in mortality from both direct increases in warming and increased fire risk as a result of warming); 9) Systems thinking and modeling regarding climate effects on understory vegetation and interactions with forest trees; 10) Discussion of climate effects on urban forests and impacts to cityscapes and livability; 11) Monitoring and time - series data to inform adaptive management efforts (i.e., to determine outcome of a management action and, based on that outcome, chart future course of action); 12) Detailed decision support systems to provide guidance for managing for adaptation.

Based on our findings of what causes teachers to leave their schools, we calculated the salary increases that would be necessary to offset the effects of difficult working conditions in large urban versus suburban schools.

In effect, the nation's urban high schools, which served increasing numbers of young people from poor and immigrant families, were arguably providing the best academic and, for a smaller number of students, vocational education available in the United States at that time.

Urban charter schools have an incredible track record of increasing student achievement, while increasing school funding by as much as 10 % yields very modest test score effects, and these effects come at a very high cost.

Half the increase in urban land across the world over the next 20 years will occur in Asia, with the most extensive change expected to take place in India and China Urban areas modify their local and regional climate through the urban heat island effect and by altering precipitation patterns, which together will have significant impacts on net primary production, ecurban land across the world over the next 20 years will occur in Asia, with the most extensive change expected to take place in India and China Urban areas modify their local and regional climate through the urban heat island effect and by altering precipitation patterns, which together will have significant impacts on net primary production, ecUrban areas modify their local and regional climate through the urban heat island effect and by altering precipitation patterns, which together will have significant impacts on net primary production, ecurban heat island effect and by altering precipitation patterns, which together will have significant impacts on net primary production, ecos...

In particular, the book will help the reader to discover underlying principles for the planning of future cities and peri-urban regions in relation to: (i) Balanced urban development policies and institutions for future cities; (ii) Understanding the effects of land use change, population increase, and water demand on the liveability of cities; (iii) Long - term pl...

The vaccine takes two weeks to take full effect, but the CDC only recommends it for «travelers who plan to spend at least 1 month in endemic areas during -LSB-...] transmission season» or «Short - term -LSB-...] travelers to endemic areas during the transmission season, if they plan to travel outside an urban area and their activities will increase the risk of exposure.»

«Wavelet analysis shows that this relative urban warming trend was primarily manifested in the form of multi - decadal and interseasonal cycles that are likely attributable to gradual increased winter heating in Ottawa (heat island effects) associated with population growth.

Attributing 0.1 C of the surface record increase to urban heat effects (from micro to macro) in 50 - 60 years is scientifically justifiable without guesswork, and does not refer to a short - term trend.

This would have the effects of decreasing the weights assigned to urban weather stations — since there are lots of them, they are relatively close together, and the areas of their Voronoi cells will be relatively small — and correspondingly increasing the weights assigned to rural weather locations.

Second, there are confounding factors such as climate change, the effects of past fire exclusion, and increasing development in the wildland - urban interface, which contribute to higher wildfire spending.

I would note that since growing cities also enhance the urban heat island effect, not all of the increase in heavy downpours can be attributed to climate change.

Recent studies have shown that increasing cycling's share of urban travel could negate the climate effects of this increase.

In Grand Rapids, MI, to offset the urban heat island effect, the city plans to increase its tree canopy cover to at least 37.5 % between 2011 and 2015.

This methodological guideline will provide measurement, quantification and monitoring methods to assess the hypothesis that current and increased Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture and Forestry (UPAF) areas will reduce the urban heat island effect and contribute to energy savUrban and Peri-urban Agriculture and Forestry (UPAF) areas will reduce the urban heat island effect and contribute to energy savurban Agriculture and Forestry (UPAF) areas will reduce the urban heat island effect and contribute to energy savurban heat island effect and contribute to energy savings.

In his World Day of Peace Message in 1990, St. Pope John Paul II said, «The gradual depletion of the ozone layer and the related «greenhouse effect» has now reached crisis proportions as a consequence of industrial growth, massive urban concentrations and vastly increased energy needs.»

Combining the greater share of weather stations in more urban areas over time with this urban heat effect also tends to increase the rate that recorded temperatures tend to rise over time.

Climate change may also augment or intensify other stresses on vegetation encountered in urban environments, including increased atmospheric pollution, heat island effects, a highly variable water cycle, and frequent exposure to new pests and diseases.

For example, although there are numerous benefits to urban greening, such as reducing the urban heat island effect while simultaneously promoting an active healthy lifestyle, 248,310,311 the urban planting of certain allergenic pollen producing species22 could increase human pollen exposure and allergic illness.

Innovative urban design could create increased access to active transport.99 The compact geographical area found in cities presents opportunities to reduce energy use and emissions of heat - trapping gases and other air pollutants through active transit, improved building construction, provision of services, and infrastructure creation, such as bike paths and sidewalks.303, 318 Urban planning strategies designed to reduce the urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban design could create increased access to active transport.99 The compact geographical area found in cities presents opportunities to reduce energy use and emissions of heat - trapping gases and other air pollutants through active transit, improved building construction, provision of services, and infrastructure creation, such as bike paths and sidewalks.303, 318 Urban planning strategies designed to reduce the urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311Urban planning strategies designed to reduce the urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban populations.311, 303

Initiated in 2012 by the National Park Service National Capitol Region Urban Ecology Research Learning Alliance (UERLA) and George Mason University's Center for Climate Change Communication (4C), the internship program is designed to create opportunities for students of diverse academic and personal backgrounds to gain skills and experience in the synthesis, interpretation, and development of science communication products while increasing knowledge about climate change and its effects on parks.

In the same sense, I know that urban heat island effect is damn important to the validity of Dr Phil Jones claims that China has seen significant temperature increases.

I used 1.0 C higher average for urban stations just as an example, but maybe the figure is higher and it may have also increased over the years compounding the effect on a graph showing the global average.

Yang et al. published an extensive study on the impact of UHI on China's warming and discovered that over 40 % of the increase could be explained by the UHI effect in some urban areas.

As an example suppose in 1950 50 % of the station used for computing a US temp average were rural, and 50 % urban with constant 3C UHI effect (not increasing as per Parker).

a), b) & c) combined imply that the urban - heat - island effect is NOT increasing on a global basis, and therefore CAN NOT serve as the «real» cause giving rise to the impression of global warming as an artefact.

Guideline 2 of the series Monitoring impacts of urban and peri-urban agriculture and forestry on climate change mitigation and adaptation.This methodological guideline will provide measurement, quantification and monitoring methods to assess the hypothesis that current and increased Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture and Forestry (UPAF) areas will reduce the urban heat island effect and contribute to energy savurban and peri-urban agriculture and forestry on climate change mitigation and adaptation.This methodological guideline will provide measurement, quantification and monitoring methods to assess the hypothesis that current and increased Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture and Forestry (UPAF) areas will reduce the urban heat island effect and contribute to energy savurban agriculture and forestry on climate change mitigation and adaptation.This methodological guideline will provide measurement, quantification and monitoring methods to assess the hypothesis that current and increased Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture and Forestry (UPAF) areas will reduce the urban heat island effect and contribute to energy savUrban and Peri-urban Agriculture and Forestry (UPAF) areas will reduce the urban heat island effect and contribute to energy savurban Agriculture and Forestry (UPAF) areas will reduce the urban heat island effect and contribute to energy savurban heat island effect and contribute to energy savings.

Some of the temperature increases shown by Dr Jones in fact are caused by temperature recording stations that were once in rural locations on the outskirts of cities now being affected by the Urban Heat Island effect as urban development surrounded the weather statUrban Heat Island effect as urban development surrounded the weather staturban development surrounded the weather stations.

Nobody would intentionally adjust the data in the opposite direction from what would be expected for an increasing urban heat island effect.

The tax package would provide a substantial incentive to people to use more environmentally polluting modes of transport... International studies clearly demonstrate that taxes on fuel should be increased... and the biggest increase ought to apply to diesel fuel because, at least in urban areas, it has the most damaging effect on human health.

It is not implausible that the actual temperature increase with latitude in the Northern Hemisphere is reflecting the effect of the band of urban - industrial civilization between 25 ° N and 70 ° N.

This change, with an increase in land temperature relative to sea, is consistent with poor compensation of the urban heat island effect.

If we assume some GH effect due to humans (i.e. more CO2g & H2Og + urban heat) then it should be an increase in minima that must push up the mean average temps.

Pope John Paul II in 1990, warned in a speech about the ozone layer and the greenhouse effect because of» industrial growth, massive urban concentrations and vastly increased energy needs.»

Over the years, the city has filled in around the airport so the urban heat island has increased its influence beyond the wind effects.

When the readings from all rural and urban stations are taken together and adjusted for the urban heat island effect, it's clear global average temperatures are increasing.

In addition to finding seasonal and geographic variations in the urban heat island effect, Wang et al also found a substantial decrease in the urban effect during the periods of the «Great Leap Forward» (1958 - 61) and the «Cultural Revolution» (1966 - 71) and an increasing trend in the urban effect afterwards.

Together with the fact that the population of Armagh when compared with other Irish and UK cities has increased relatively little since the late 18th and early 19th centuries (population 1816: 7,000; 1911: 7,600; 1991: 14,265), its rural environment has ensured that the observatory suffers from little or no urban micro-climatic effects (see Coughlin and Butler (1998)-RRB-.

The urban heat island effect can increase surface - air temperature at urban locations.

From the Government Monitor, Minister for Water Senator Penny Wong says, «Urban water supplies are under increasing pressure from changing population patterns and the emerging effects of climate change... We know we have to use water more wisely.

Green roofs and rooftop gardens have many cooling benefits, they reduce the urban heat island effect, protect the «membrane» (aka roof), increase amenity space, and promote biodiversity.

So it's good news indeed that Louisville, in decidedly red - state Kentucky, is getting serious about tackling its urban heat island effect through increased urban forestry, as well as efforts to promote reflective surfaces and green roofs.