Sentences with phrase «independent of body weight»

«Adaptive thermogenesis refers to underfeeding - associated fall in resting and non-resting TDEE; this is independent of body weight and body composition» [3].

This is a counterfeit belief because the higher truth is that Source and your Higher self always loves you unconditionally, independent of what you achieve or do not achieve, independent of what you eat or don't eat, independent of how much you eat or do not eat, and most certainly independent of your body weight and shape.

Source: «High saturated fat and low carbohydrate diet decreases lifespan independent of body weight in mice «http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922950/

«It seems to be independent of body weight,» which is the typical risk factor for diabetes.

Not exact matches

Everyone in the program completes afour - month internship with an area business — important local experience for thethree - quarters of the student body thatcome from abroad — and most complete anapplied business project, a group businessanalysis assignment based on the real - worldexperience gleaned through the internship.Those with an interest in finance can forgothe independent project and instead bolton an optional fifth semester that givesadditional weight to securities, derivativesand investing, covering topics like the mutualfund industry and real estate investing.

In addition, an independent consumer research study commissioned by Freedom Foods Group noted statistically significant reductions in body weight, body fat and body mass index (BMI), and decreased feelings of anger when test subjects committed to a 28 - day Barley + Nutrition and Lifestyle Reboot Program; a by - product of good nutrition and lifestyle.

In a multivariate model adjusted for prenatal feeding intentions, independent risk factors for delayed OL were maternal age ≥ 30 y, body mass index in the overweight or obese range, birth weight > 3600 g, absence of nipple discomfort between 0 — 3 d postpartum, and infant failing to «breastfeed well» ≥ 2 times in the first 24 h. Postpartum edema was significant in an alternate model excluding body mass index (P < 0.05).

Researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania found people with psoriasis that covers 10 percent of their body or more are 64 percent more likely to develop diabetes than those without psoriasis, independent of traditional risk factors such as body weight.

Dr Arvidsson said: «It was somewhat surprising to find that the association between baseline diet and better well - being two years later was independent of children's socioeconomic position and their body weight.»

They analyzed the association between body mass index (weight divided by height) and progression - free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in six independent cohorts of patients treated with targeted therapy, immunotherapy or chemotherapy in pivotal trials that led to FDA approval of these drugs.

Also known as hepatic steatosis, the research shows that brain ER stress can cause the disease independent of changes in body weight, food intake, and other factors.

A study published in Nicotine & Tobacco Research demonstrates in a carefully controlled series of studies that the self - administration of nicotine by rats suppresses body weight gain independent of food intake.

A sustained modest weight - loss of five to 10 % body - weight is associated with improvements in various indices of cardiometabolic health including but not limited to insulin sensitivity, vascular function, blood pressure and lipid levels.3 These beneficial effects of weight - loss can be partially explained by accompanying reductions in adipose tissue mass and dysfunction.5 There is however, some evidence to suggest that energy restriction (ER) alone can confer metabolic changes which are independent to those of weight - loss, by facilitating an acute negative energy balance 6 - 9 and / or by activating adaptive stress response pathways.10

During the review process, it was requested that we reanalyze the data to exclude the independent variables of age, body mass index, total glycated hemoglobin, duration of diabetes, weight change, and treatment with β blockers or diuretics.

The findings indicate that daily energy expenditure may be an «evolved physiological trait largely independent of cultural differences;» in other words, eating more than the number of calories most human bodies are «wired» for could mean you'll gain weight — even if you're exercising religiously

There was no difference in food intake or body weight between the two groups, suggesting that intermittent fasting has a protective effect on lymphoma development in this mouse strain, and that the effect was independent of the total calorie intake.

In rodents, intermittent fasting exhibits beneficial effects including decreased body weight, improved cardiovascular health and glucose regulation, enhanced neuronal health, decreased cancer risk and increased life span — some of the effects independent of the effects attributed to calorie restriction alone.

It was found that the net calories burned per kilogram of body weight per kilometer run is independent of speed, and depends only on the incline or decline of the running surface and the cardiorespiratory fitness level (measured through VO2max) of the runner.

Adhering to these traditional concepts the US Department of Agriculture has concluded that diets, which reduce calories, will result in effective weight loss independent of the macronutrient composition, which is considered less important, even irrelevant.14 In contrast with these views, the majority of ad - libitum studies demonstrate that subjects who follow a low - carbohydrate diet lose more weight during the first 3 — 6 months compared with those who follow balanced diets.15, 16, 17 One hypothesis is that the use of energy from proteins in VLCKD is an «expensive» process for the body and so can lead to a «waste of calories», and therefore increased weight loss compared with other «less - expensive» diets.13, 18, 19 The average human body requires 60 — 65 g of glucose per day, and during the first phase of a diet very low in carbohydrates this is partially (16 %) obtained from glycerol, with the major part derived via gluconeogenesis from proteins of either dietary or tissue origin.12 The energy cost of gluconeogenesis has been confirmed in several studies7 and it has been calculated at ∼ 400 — 600 Kcal / day (due to both endogenous and food source proteins.18 Despite this, there is no direct experimental evidence to support this intriguing hypothesis; on the contrary, a recent study reported that there were no changes in resting energy expenditure after a VLCKD.20 A simpler, perhaps more likely, explanation for improved weight loss is a possible appetite - suppressant action of ketosis.

Optional Features: 26g, four wheel - drive Type: Automatic Full - Time, Anti lock brakes: 4 - Wheel, Ac: Automatic, Air Filtration: Interior Air Filtration, Antenna Type: Integrated Roof, Anti Theft System, Aspiration: Normal, Audio System: Siriusxm Am / Fm / Satellite, Body Type: S - U-V, Brake Assist: Braking Assist, Bumpers: Body - Colored, Center Arm rest, Middle console Trim: Metal - Look / Piano Black, Clock, Curb Weight: 4, 046 pounds., Dash Trim: Metal - Look / Piano Black, Day time running Light, Door Trim: Simulated Wood, Drive Train Type: four wheel - drive, Driven Wheels: Four - Wheel, Driver And Airbag for passenger, Drivers Height: Power, Drivers Lumbar: Power 4 - Way, Drivers Power: 8, Drivers: Multi-Level Heating, Engine Description: 3.2 l V6 24 volt, Exterior Color: Billet Silver Metallic Clearcoat, External Temp, Folding: Fold Forward Seatback, Front Headroom: 39.4 ins, Front Headrests: Manual Adjustable, Front Hip Room: 53.8 ins, Front Leg Room: 41.1 ins, Front Seat Type: Bucket, Front Shoulder Room: 57.6 ins, Front Wipers: Variable Intermittent, Fuel Induction: Sequential MPI, Fuel Type: Gasoline, Head Air bags: Curtain first And second Row, Headlamps Auto Delay: Auto Delay Off, Headlamps Dusksensor: Dusk Sensing, Height: 66.2 ins, Independent Suspension: Four - Wheel, Length: 182.0 ins, Locking Hubs: Permanent, Low Fuel Level, Luggage Capacity: 26 Cu.Ft., Make: Jeep, Mats: Carpet Front And Rear, Max Gross Vehicle Weight: 5, 500 pounds., Memory Features Exterior Mirrors, Memory Features Number Of Drivers: 2, Model Year: 2019, Model: Cherokee, MILES - PER - GALLON Automatic City: 19, MILES - PER - GALLON Automatic Highway: 27, Passenger Height: Power, Passenger Lumbar: Power 4 - Way, Passenger Power: 8, Passenger: Multi-Level Heating, Door locks power, Power Mirrors: Power Remote, Power Outlets: 3, R

ck, 1.8 L Sohc Mpfi 16 - Valve I - Vtec I4 Engine, Advanced Compatibility Engineering (Ace) Body Structure Seats Cloth Seat Upholstery, Bucket Front Seats, Fold Forward Seatback Rear Seats, Rear Seat Heater Ducts, Fold - Down Rear Seatback - Inc: Adjustable Head Restraints, Cloth Reclining Front Bucket Seats - Inc: Driver Manual Height Adjustment Active Adjustable Head Restraints, Center Console W / Armrest Storage Compartment, 3 - Point Seat Belts In All Seating Positions - Inc: Front Automatic Tensioning System Adjustable Front Seat Belt Anchors Doors Remote Power Door Locks, Door Reinforcement: Side - Impact Door Beam, Door Pockets: Driver, Left Rear Passenger Door Type: Conventional, Rear Door Type: Trunk, Right Rear Passenger Door Type: Conventional, 4 Door, Body - Colored Door Handles, Front Door Pocket Storage Bins, Illuminated Driver Window / Driver Door Lock Controls, Pwr Door Locks W / Auto - Lock Feature, Side - Impact Door Beams, Child - Proof Rear Door Locks Wheels 4 - Wheel Abs Brakes, Wheel Diameter: 15, Wheel Width: 6, Tire Pressure Monitoring System, Steel Spare Wheel Rim, Spare Tire Mount Location: Inside Under Cargo, Tires: Width: 195 Mm, Tires: Profile: 65, Tires: Speed Rating: H, Diameter Of Tires: 15.0, Type Of Tires: As, Tires: Prefix: P, Front Wheel Drive, 4 - Wheel Anti-Lock Braking System (Abs) W / Electronic Brake Distribution (Ebd) Mirrors Power Remote Driver Mirror Adjustment, Power Remote Passenger Mirror Adjustment, Dual Vanity Mirrors, Body - Colored Pwr Mirrors, Dual Visor Vanity Mirrors Air Interior Air Filtration, Manual Front Air Conditioning, Air Conditioning W / Air Filtration System Trim Metal - Look Shift Knob Trim Steering Cruise Controls On Steering Wheel, Urethane Steering Wheel Trim, Audio Controls On Steering Wheel, Tilt And Telescopic Steering Wheel, Speed - Proportional Electric Power Steering, Illuminated Steering Wheel - Mounted Audio / Cruise / I - Mid Controls, Tilt / Telescoping Steering Column, Motion - Adaptive Electric Pwr Rack & Pinion Steering Entertainment Audio System Security, Digital Audio Input, In - Dash Single Cd Player, Audio System Memory Card Slot, Mp3 Player, Am / Fm Stereo, Radio Data System, Speed Sensitive Audio Volume Control, Total Number Of Speakers: 4, Video Monitor Location: Front, Usb Audio Interface, 160 - Watt Am / Fm Audio System W / Cd Player - Inc: (4) Speakers Mp3 / Wma Playback Aux Input Jack Speed - Sensitive Volume Control Radio Data System (Rds) Fuel Fuel Consumption: City: 28 Mpg, Fuel Consumption: Highway: 39 Mpg, Fuel Type: Regular Unleaded, Fuel Capacity: 13.2 Gal., Instrumentation: Low Fuel Level, Indicator Lights - Inc: Trunk / Door - Open Low Fuel / Oil Coolant Temp Front Passenger Front & Front Side Airbag Status, Intelligent Multi-Information Display (I - Mid)- Inc: Welcome Screen Customizable Settings Digital Odometer (2) Digital Trip Meters Clock Average Speed Elapsed Time Average Fuel Economy Miles - To - Empty, Remote Fuel Filler Door Release Dimensions Max Cargo Capacity: 12 Cu.Ft., Curb Weight: 2, Overall Length: 177.3, Overall Width: 69.0, Overall Height: 56.5, Wheelbase: 105.1, Front Head Room: 39.0, Rear Head Room: 37.1, Front Leg Room: 42.0, Rear Leg Room: 36.2, Front Shoulder Room: 56.6, Rear Shoulder Room: 53.3, Front Hip Room: 50.5, Rear Hip Room: 51.4 Lights Privacy Glass: Light, Daytime Running Lights, Front Reading Lights, Cargo Area Light, Headlights Off Auto Delay, Multi-Reflector Auto - Off Halogen Headlights, Headlights - On Reminder, Map Lights Airbags 1St And 2Nd Row Curtain Head Airbags, Passenger Airbag, Side Airbag, Driver Airbag, Driver & Front Passenger Dual - Stage Multiple - Threshold Airbags, Dual Front Side - Impact Airbags W / Passenger - Side Occupant Position Detection System, Front & Rear Side Curtain Airbags Suspension Suspension Class: Regular, Independent Front Suspension Classification, Strut Front Suspension, Four - Wheel Independent Suspension, Independent Rear Suspension, Multi-Link Rear Suspension, Front And Rear Suspension Stabilizer Bars, Macpherson Strut Front Suspension Features Power Windows, Cruise Control, Front Ventilated Disc Brakes, Braking Assist, Abs And Driveline Traction Control, Stability Control, Trip Computer, Tachometer, Manufacturer's 0 - 60Mph Acceleration Time (Seconds): 8.7 S, Mechanical Remote Trunk Release, Anti-Theft Alarm System, Rear Bench, Vehicle Emissions: Ulev Ii, Clock: In - Dash, Coil Front Spring, Regular Front Stabilizer Bar, Coil Rear Spring, Rear Stabilizer Bar: Regular, Intermittent Front Wipers, Grille With Chrome Bar, Center Console: Full With Covered Storage, 705 Lbs., One 12V Dc Power Outlet, Seatbelt Pretensioners: Front, Rear Center Seatbelt: 3 - Point Belt, Floor Mats: Carpet Front And Rear, Cupholders: Front, Passenger And Rear, Body - Colored Bumpers, Window Grid Antenna, Child Safety Locks, 2 - Speed Intermittent Windshield Wipers, Rear Window Defroster W / Timer, Interior Remote Trunk Release W / Lock, 2 - Tier Instrument Panel W / Blue Backlit Gauges - Inc: Tachometer, Driver Footrest, Coin Tray, Remote Entry, Integrated Rear Window Antenna, Pwr Windows W / Driver Auto - Up / Down, Front & Rear Floor Mats, Front 12V Aux Pwr Outlet, Front Cup Holders, Maintenance Minder System, Security System, Immobilizer Theft - Deterrent System, Front & Rear Stabilizer Bars, Pwr Ventilated Front Disc / Rear Drum Brakes, Eco Assist System, Drive - By - Wire Throttle, Compact 5 - Speed Automatic Transmission W / Od, Brake Assist, 2Nd Row Lower Anchors & Tethers For Children (Latch)- Inc: Outboard Lower Anchors Tether Anchors For All Positions, Vehicle Stability Assist (Vsa) W / Traction Control, Emergency Trunk Release

Hyundai will emphasize the driving performance of the Genesis: three engine choices; two 6 - speed automatic transmissions; 5 - link independent suspension front and rear; a 53/47 front / rear weight distribution; and a stiffer body due to the use of high - tensile steel.

ant Temp Tachometer Trip Odometer And Trip Computer, Engine: 2.4 L Gdi 4 - Cylinder Seats Premium Cloth Seat Upholstery, Bucket Front Seats, Fold Forward Seatback Rear Seats, Rear Seats Center Armrest, Seatback Storage: 2, Front Center Armrest And Rear Center Armrest, 60 - 40 Folding Bench Front Facing Fold Forward Seatback Rear Seat, Front Bucket Seats - Inc: Multi-Adjustable Driver's Seat W / Adjustable Lumbar Support 6 - Way Manual Passenger Seat W / Height Adjust Seatback Pockets And Energy Absorbing Front Seats Doors Remote Power Door Locks, Metal - Look Door Trim, Door Reinforcement: Side - Impact Door Beam, Door Pockets: Driver, Left Rear Passenger Door Type: Conventional, Rear Door Type: Trunk, Right Rear Passenger Door Type: Conventional, 4 Door, Body - Colored Door Handles, Radio: Am / Fm / Siriusxm / Cd / Mp3 Display Audio - Inc: Iphone / Usb And Auxiliary Jacks 7 - Inch Color Touchscreen Apple Car Play Android Auto Hd Radio Technology W / Multicasting Integrated Bluetooth W / Phonebook Transfer And 6 Speakers (2 Front - Door - Mounted 2 Tweeters And 2 Rear), Carpet Floor Trim And Carpet Trunk Lid / Rear Cargo Door Trim, Cloth Door Trim Insert, Instrument Panel Covered Bin Driver / Passenger And Rear Door Bins, Remote Keyless Entry W / Integrated Key Transmitter 2 Door Curb / Courtesy Illuminated Entry Illuminated Ignition Switch And Panic Button, Interior Trim - Inc: Metal - Look Instrument Panel Insert Metal - Look Door Panel Insert And Metal - Look Interior Accents, Power Door Locks W / Autolock Feature Wheels 4 - Wheel Abs Brakes, Wheel Diameter: 16, Wheel Width: 6.5, Tire Pressure Monitoring System: Tire Specific, Steel Spare Wheel Rim, Spare Tire Mount Location: Inside Under Cargo, Tires: Width: 205 Mm, Tires: Profile: 65, Tires: Speed Rating: H, Diameter Of Tires: 16.0, Type Of Tires: As, Tires: Prefix: P, 4 - Wheel Disc Brakes W / 4 - Wheel Abs Front Vented Discs Brake Assist And Hill Hold Control, Front - Wheel Drive, Tire Specific Low Tire Pressure Warning Mirrors Power Remote W / Tilt Down Driver Mirror Adjustment, Heated Driver Mirror, Heated Passenger Mirror, Power Remote W / Tilt Down Passenger Mirror Adjustment, Dual Reverse Tilt Mirrors, Dual Illuminated Vanity Mirrors, Apple Carplay & Android Auto Mirroring, Body - Colored Power W / Tilt Down Heated Side Mirrors W / Convex Spotter And Manual Folding, Day - Night Rearview Mirror, Driver And Passenger Visor Vanity Mirrors W / Driver And Passenger Illumination Air Interior Air Filtration, Manual Front Air Conditioning, Air Filtration, Manual Air Conditioning Trim Urethane Shift Knob Trim, Metal - Look Dash Trim, Chrome Side Windows Trim And Black Front Windshield Trim Steering Cruise Controls On Steering Wheel, Urethane Steering Wheel Trim, Audio Controls On Steering Wheel, Tilt And Telescopic Steering Wheel, Speed - Proportional Electric Power Steering, Manual Tilt / Telescoping Steering Column, Cruise Control W / Steering Wheel Controls, Radio W / Clock Speed Compensated Volume Control Steering Wheel Controls Voice Activation And Radio Data System, Electric Power - Assist Speed - Sensing Steering Entertainment Bluetooth Wireless Phone Connectivity, Digital Audio Input, In - Dash Single Cd Player, Audio System Memory Card Slot, Mp3 Player, Siriusxm Am / Fm / Hd / Satellite Radio, Radio Data System, Speed Sensitive Audio Volume Control, Total Number Of Speakers: 6, Video Monitor Location: Front, Siriusxm Satellite Radio Fuel Fuel Consumption: City: 25 Mpg, Fuel Consumption: Highway: 38 Mpg, Fuel Type: Regular Unleaded, Fuel Capacity: 18.5 Gal., Instrumentation: Low Fuel Level, Remote Releases - Inc: Power Cargo Access And Power Fuel Dimensions Max Cargo Capacity: 16 Cu.Ft., Curb Weight: 3, Gross Vehicle Weight: 4, Overall Length: 191.1, Overall Width: 73.4, Overall Height: 58.1, Wheelbase: 110.4, Front Head Room: 40.4, Rear Head Room: 38.0, Front Leg Room: 45.5, Rear Leg Room: 35.6, Front Shoulder Room: 57.9, Rear Shoulder Room: 56.5, Front Hip Room: 55.3, Rear Hip Room: 56.1, Outboard Front Lap And Shoulder Safety Belts - Inc: Rear Center 3 Point Height Adjusters And Pretensioners Lights Privacy Glass: Light, Daytime Running Lights, Front And Rear Reading Lights, Remote Activated Exterior Entry Lights, Cargo Area Light, Headlights Off Auto Delay, Dusk Sensing Headlights, Halogen Projector Beam Headlights, Light Tinted Glass, Perimeter / Approach Lights, Cargo Space Lights, Front And Rear Map Lights, Fade - To - Off Interior Lighting Airbags 1St And 2Nd Row Curtain Head Airbags, Passenger Airbag, Side Airbag, Driver Knee Airbags, Driver Airbag, Curtain 1St And 2Nd Row Airbags, Airbag Occupancy Sensor, Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Seat - Mounted Side Airbags, Dual Stage Driver And Passenger Front Airbags, Driver Knee Airbag Suspension Suspension Class: Regular, Independent Front Suspension Classification, Strut Front Suspension, Four - Wheel Independent Suspension, Independent Rear Suspension, Multi-Link Rear Suspension, Front And Rear Suspension Stabilizer Bars, Multi-Link Rear Suspension W / Coil Springs, Strut Front Suspension W / Coil Springs Features Power Windows, Cruise Control, Front Ventilated Disc Brakes, Rear Spoiler: Lip, Braking Assist, Abs And Driveline Traction Control, Stability Control, Silver Aluminum Rims, Trip Computer, External Temperature Display, Tachometer, Manufacturer's 0 - 60Mph Acceleration Time (Seconds): 8.1 S, Blue Link, Power Remote Trunk Release, Anti-Theft Alarm System, Rear Bench, Vehicle Emissions: Ulev Ii, Clock: In - Dash, Coil Front Spring, Regular Front Stabilizer Bar, Coil Rear Spring, Rear Stabilizer Bar: Regular, Variable Intermittent Front Wipers, Metal - Look Grille, Center Console: Full With Covered Storage, Overhead Console: Mini With Storage, 252 Lbs., 497 Lbs., Three 12V Dc Power Outlets, Transmission Hill Holder, Seatbelt Pretensioners: Front, Rear Center Seatbelt: 3 - Point Belt, Cupholders: Front And Rear, Passenger And Rear, Body - Colored Bumpers, Window Grid And Roof Mount Antenna, Selective Service Internet Access, Manual Child Safety Locks, Rear View Camera, 1 Usb Port, Lip Spoiler, Trunk Rear Cargo Access, Body - Colored Rear Bumper, Fixed Rear Window W / Defroster, Fully Automatic Projector Beam Halogen Daytime Running Headlamps W / Delay - Off, Speed Sensitive Variable Intermittent Wipers, Fully Galvanized Steel Panels, Clearcoat Paint, Body - Colored Front Bumper, Front Windshield - Inc: Sun Visor Strip, Analog Display, Outside Temp Gauge, Manual Adjustable Front Head Restraints And Manual Adjustable Rear Head Restraints, Valet Function, Perimeter Alarm, Full Carpet Floor Covering, Full Floor Console W / Covered Storage Mini Overhead Console W / Storage And 3 12V Dc Power Outlets, 3 12V Dc Power Outlets, Power Rear Windows, Hvac - Inc: Underseat Ducts, Redundant Digital Speedometer, Systems Monitor, Illuminated Locking Glove Box, Driver Foot Rest, Full Cloth Headliner, Power 1St Row Windows W / Driver 1 - Touch Up / Down, Rear Cupholder, Fob Controls - Inc: Trunk / Hatch / Tailgate, Front Cupholder, Urethane Gear Shift Knob, Delayed Accessory Power, Wireless Streaming, 2.89 Axle Ratio, 80 - Amp / Hr 640Cca Maintenance - Free Battery W / Run Down Protection, 150 Amp Alternator, Transmission W / Driver Selectable Mode, Front And Rear Anti-Roll Bars, Single Stainless Steel Exhaust W / Chrome Tailpipe Finisher, Gas - Pressurized Shock Absorbers, 4497 # Gvwr, Transmission: 6 - Speed Automatic W / Shiftronic - Inc: Od Lock - Up Torque Converter Shift Lock And Shiftronic Manual Shift Mode, Back - Up Camera, Blue Link Emergency S.O.S, Electronic Stability Control (Esc), Rear Child Safety Locks, Side Impact Beams

To wit: carbon fiber body, honeycomb aluminum chassis, 4.0 - liter Oldsmobile V8 derived from IndyCar, six - speed transaxle by ZF, independent double wishbone suspension all around, near - 50 / 50 weight distribution, the occasional smattering of GM running gear.

This association was independent of adult height or body weight.

Independent effects of weight change and attained body weight on prevalence of arterial hypertension in obese and non-obese men

Regarding the child, the importance of the intrauterine and early postnatal environments for metabolic programming and modifications of the epigenome is increasingly recognised, 12 — 14 particularly for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.15 Thus, GDM is related to macrosomia at birth (> 4 kg), to excess body fat and (central) obesity and to insulin secretion in infants and children, the obesity being in part mediated by maternal body mass index (BMI) or birth weight.16 — 23 Intrauterine exposure to GDM also doubles the risk for subsequent type 2 diabetes in offspring compared with offspring of mothers with a high genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes, but with normal glucose tolerance during the index pregnancy.24 Maternal prepregnancy overweight and excessive gestational weight gain also predict high birth weight and adiposity during infancy.12 25 This is highly relevant, as up to 60 % — 70 % of women with GDM are overweight or obese before pregnancy.26 Finally, maternal lifestyle behaviour such as a high fat diet or lack of physical activity during pregnancy can influence offspring adiposity independent of maternal obesity.12 27

Contrary to our expectations, the associations between deviant eating behavior and the parent — child relationship were independent of children's body weight.