The campus principal has a direct and
indirect effect on student achievement.
The research evidence also indicates that certain forms of distributed leadership have a modest but significant
indirect effect on student achievement (Leithwood & Mascall, 2008:546).
Not exact matches
We initially assumed that the
effects of leadership
on student achievement are largely
indirect, operating through other variables.
It is much harder to measure principal value - added because
students don't change principals every year, and principals»
effects on students are mostly
indirect: principals affect
student achievement through teachers.
They found that neighborhood had significant direct and
indirect effects on achievement, often by depressing parental practices that were usually associated with better
student achievement.