Comprehensive studies that account for both direct and
indirect emissions estimate that over 50 % of global GHG emissions come from raising livestock.
Not exact matches
He
estimated in some cases that
indirect emissions could lead to a doubling of
emissions associated with corn ethanol.
Previous
estimates pegged tourism's slice of the global carbon pie as just two or three percent, but as co-author Ya - Yen Sun of the University of Queensland told Earther via email, those
estimates didn't consider direct or
indirect emissions from the supply chains that support tourism.
They compared
estimated emissions for shale gas, conventional gas, coal (surface - mined and deep - mined) and diesel oil, taking into account direct
emissions of CO2 during combustion,
indirect emissions of CO2 necessary to develop and use the energy source and methane
emissions, which were converted to equivalent value of CO2 for global warming potential.
There are uncertainties inherent in
estimating the magnitude of
indirect land use
emissions from biofuels, but a policy that implicitly or explicitly assigns a value of zero is clearly not supported by the science.
«There are uncertainties inherent in
estimating the magnitude of
indirect land use
emissions from biofuels, but a policy that implicitly or explicitly assigns a value of zero is clearly not supported by the science,» states the letter, which is signed by experts from the World Bank, the Union of Concerned Scientists, and a wide array of academic institutions, among others.
Furthermore,
estimating the direct and
indirect aerosol effects (29) through 2008 as a residual from the Earth's energy balance (as was done for 1954 — 2000) would generate results that either support or contradict the increased importance of anthropogenic sulfur
emissions discussed above.
However, one aspect of the Howarth study uses work that I've been involved in to better
estimate the
indirect effects of short - lived
emissions (including methane, the dominant component of shale gas).