Evolutionary history on Bermuda offers numerous examples of the direct and
indirect impact of changing sea level on evolutionary processes [111]--[112], with a number of taxa being extirpated due to habitat changes, greater competition, and island inundation [113].
Evolutionary history on Bermuda offers numerous examples of the direct and
indirect impact of changing sea level on evolutionary processes [111]--[112], with a number of taxa being extirpated due to habitat changes, greater competition, and island inundation [113].
Not exact matches
In its submission the CIOT also: · Strongly endorses the need for a transitional period as close as possible to the status quo as the only realistic way for business, their advisers and government departments to cope with the volume and complexity
of changes because
of Brexit · Expresses concern about the combined
impact and timing
of the
changes for the
Indirect Tax sector with Making Tax Digital (MTD) and Brexit both planned for March / April 2019.
The
indirect effects
of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, such as
changes in soil moisture and plant structure, can have a bigger
impact on ecosystems than previously thought.
Indirect land - use
change, ILUC for short, accounts for the
impacts of rising biofuel demand and grain prices on cropland around the world.
Direct effects are
impacts to trees that arise directly in response to
changes in temperature and precipitation;
indirect effects are secondary
impacts, such as increased number
of fires associated with warming temperatures, which then affect trees and forests.
indirect effect A secondary
impact to a system from a
change that was caused by shifting climate conditions, such as increased fire frequency, which is a result
of drier conditions caused by an increase in temperature.
However, the
indirect effects
of climate
change on forests, such as
changing wildfire and beetle outbreak severity, are already having a large
impact on the health
of Montana's forests and in some instances these
impacts are easier to predict.
Although the direct heat increase is not enough to cause much climate
change, the
indirect influence
of solar activity on cloud cover, wind and rain patterns may be large enough to have an important
impact.
The output is a risk assessment
of the direct and
indirect economic
impacts of storm surge under climate
change, including, for example, production and job losses and reconstruction duration, and the benefits
of investment in upgraded sea defences.
Note that any net
change in biomass (whether trees, or cows or even humans) does affect atmospheric CO2, but the direct
impact of human population growth is tiny even though our
indirect effects have been huge.
The
indirect impacts of climate
change on people and ecosystems have long been the main focus
of research and debate over rising levels
of carbon dioxide.
This resolution presents that the Council noted «climate
change - related
impacts have a range
of implications, both direct and
indirect, for the effective enjoyment
of human rights...» and that such effects «will be felt most acutely by those segments
of the population who are already in a vulnerable situation.»
Climate
change is expected to have a broad range
of direct and
indirect impacts on health this century.
It includes evidence on size and
impacts of «
indirect land use
change» resulting from biofuel use.
Though precise consequences can not yet be defined, three main pathways
of climate
change impact are outlined, affecting fisheries and aquaculture, their dependent communities and their economic activities: direct physical (e.g. flooding, severe droughts), biological and ecological (e.g. productivity
of lakes and rivers), and
indirect wider social and economic (e.g. fresh water use conflicts).
Lomborg's arguments often have a veneer
of credibility, but scratch the surface, and you witness a sleight
of hand, where climate projections are lowballed; climate
change impacts, damages, and costs are underestimated; and the huge current subsidies to the fossil fuel industry, both direct and
indirect, are ignored.
Climate
change driven disruptions to ecosystems have direct and
indirect human
impacts, including reduced water supply and quality, the loss
of iconic species and landscapes, effects on food chains and the timing and success
of species migrations, and the potential for extreme weather and climate events to destroy or degrade the ability
of ecosystems to provide societal benefits.11
We are not sheltered from the consequences
of direct and
indirect climate
change impacts here in Oi - Oi - Oi - straya.
«We have focused on the U.S. economy, although the bulk
of the economic damage from climate
change will be borne outside
of the United States (42), and
impacts outside the United States will have
indirect effects on the United States through trade, migration, and possibly other channels» — In other words they ignored the
indirect effects which are extremely important hence their study is to put it mildly rubbish.
Climate
change also causes
indirect impacts on plants via outbreaks
of pests such as pine bark (Kurz et al., 2008) and spruce bark beetles (National Climate Assessment and Development Advisory Committee, 2013; Bentz et al., 2010).
If
indirect changes in transportation system emissions and fuel consumption are included, such as some theoretical
impacts on congestion sometime in the future that may or may not happen, the move would risk undermining the foundation
of the standards themselves.
In the end, what matters is how various climate
change responses
impact relevant human values; their classification according to physical type — insofar as these classifications are only contingently related to those
impacts — is, at best, secondary and
of only
indirect importance.
Whether or not ethanol is better than gasoline depends on the direct and
indirect environmental
impacts associated with the production, delivery, and ultimate use
of each gallon
of ethanol, including any
changes in land use.
The aerosol
indirect effects are the greatest source
of uncertainty in assessing the human
impact on climate
change (reviewed here.
If we are seeing
changes to the tropopause temperatures as an
indirect impact from increased Asian aerosol emissions or solar - driven ozone
changes, then this might be better thought
of as
impacting the efficacy
of those forcings rather than implying some sensitivity
change.
Topics that I work on or plan to work in the future include studies
of: + missing aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation
of organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect
of aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility
of primary organic aerosols, the importance
of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the
change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates
changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties
of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution
of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol
indirect effect and the
impact of clouds on aerosol removal +
changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate
change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance
of natural and anthropogenic aerosol
changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate.
One
of the biggest
changes has to do with the definition
of family violence, and the recognition that both direct and
indirect family violence have an
impact on children.
Although biological and social
changes in youths
impact glycemic control in direct and in
indirect ways (10), the demands
of diabetes management can promote negative feelings in family members.