Indirect modes of transmission are less frequent, but possible.
Parvovirus is primarily transmitted through direct contact, but
indirect modes of transmission; such as contaminated fomites (any object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms) have been noted.
Not exact matches
Because the most common
mode of transmission is direct /
indirect contact, the best way to prevent
transmission is through the use
of Veterinary Standard Precautions (VSPs).
The primary
mode of transmission of leptospirosis from pets to humans is through direct or
indirect contact with contaminated animal tissues, organs, or urine.
The severity
of clinical symptoms is also dependent upon the exposure to the virus, i.e. duration and
mode of contact with the infected dog and the ingested dose
of virus through direct or
indirect transmission.