Project co-leader Professor Claire Spottiswoode, of the University of Cape Town and the University of Cambridge, added: «We tend to think about camouflage as something that involves gradual evolutionary change in appearance — we don't often think of it as a matter of
individual animal behaviour.
Not exact matches
It is in the light of this distinction between freedom and determinism that we can reassess the above examples of characteristically human and characteristically
animal behaviour to determine whether
animals have these two orders of being within their
individual identities.
Although quite a bit of evidence was produced concerning the difference of human
behaviour from
animals, the nature of spirit, and the ensoulment of man (both in terms of the ensoulment of each
individual human person, and also the initial ensoulment of the first fully human man) were unsatisfactorily addressed.
In addition to the damage that can be caused to an
individual animal, «the presence of lead indirectly impacts upon the Griffon vulture population due to changes to bird
behaviour, reduced reproductive success and lower immunological response,» the researcher concludes.
Although moral codes appear to rule out the act of killing in the bridge experiment, most moral
behaviour in
animals appears focused on outcomes — the death of an
individual, say — rather than the act that brought it about.
«Previous work has mostly focused on the effect of noise on the physiology and
behaviour of
individual animals.»
In recent years it has also become apparent that, across the
animal kingdom,
individual animals often differ considerably and consistently in their
behaviour, with some
individuals being bolder, more active, or more social than others.
Although dogs»
individual personalities are bound to affect their group's
behaviour somehow,
animal psychologists have long been unclear as to whether a group of dogs — playing in a park, say — is governed by the
behaviours that evolved in their ancestors.
By studying ringed
individuals, the researchers were able to build up a detailed picture of the birds» feeding patterns (
Animal Behaviour, vol 44, p 41).
Mathematical models allow us to understand how patterns and processes in the real world are generated and how complex
behaviour, such as the collective movement of
animal groups, can be produced from simple
individual level rules.