Sentences with phrase «individual during their infection»

The survivors were found to have a 32 percent probability of infecting at least one other individual during their infection period.

Not exact matches

While the observed differences of the individual steps were mostly modest, mathematical modeling suggested that even small delays in the trafficking of these immune cells will lead to reduced initiation of a WNV - specific antibody - response during the early stages after infection.

In healthy individuals, MDSCs regulate immune responses and tissue repair, and the population of these cells rapidly expands during inflammation, infection and cancer.

Some individuals may be better suited than others to work in high - risk job placements during an infectious disease outbreak because they are more likely to have an adequate response to a vaccine, or because their genotype is associated with a lower risk of developing severe infection.

Genomic data about individuals and groups might be consulted during disease outbreaks, in planning for public health programs, or in developing new or assessing existing public health policies; for instance, where are the hotspots for infection (and are these associated with specific pathogen or host genomics), where should vaccines be deployed most urgently, which therapies should be offered to which genomic populations, and where should treatment programs, isolation policies or public health control programs be implemented to halt the spread of infections?

Therefore, we propose to perform metagenomics and transcriptomics analysis on vaginal samples from patients with high - and low - risk HPV phenotypes to investigate the microbial population dynamics and genomic diversity of the vagina during various stages of HPV infection compared to uninfected individuals.

Lastly, increased systemic inflammation seen during ageing is also apparent in chronic infections such HIV or cytomegalovirus, 10,15 obesity7 and individuals enduring chronic psychological stress.16 Similarly, the main features of immunosenescence are apparent in many of these conditions, including decreased antibody responses, increased infections, malignancies and also incidences of inflammatory associated disorders such as cardiovascular disease.7, 10,15,16 Inflammation and premature immunosenescence are, therefore, prevalent features of many common conditions of modern life, such as obesity and stress, and could have negative health consequences for large proportions of society well before old age is reached.

In early stages of HIV infection, HIV predominantly uses the CCR5 co-receptor, whereas during the disease progression HIV uses either CXCR4 alone or in combination with CCR5 in about 50 % of the infected individuals [18, 19].

Infections with human pathogenic fungi have been continuously increasing during the last years and these fungal pathogens have become a major threat for individuals, in particular for patients with a compromised immune system.