Sentences with phrase «individual gene sequences»

Is it appropriate to stop at observable traits, such as leaf size, or to dig into individual gene sequences?

Those few studies that have systematically compared individual gene sequences have shown that genes and the human genome may be much more variable than previously thought.

Not exact matches

The ability to locate the individual gene or gene sequence responsible for each disease could revolutionize biomedicine in the 21st century.

Then, using the CRISPR - Cas gene - editing tool, they spliced sequences corresponding to individual video pixels into the genome.

When researchers sequenced the sponge's genome in 2010, they found genes that help individual cells cooperate as a group: how to divide, send signals to one another, and distinguish between friends and outsiders.

Brains of individuals who died with Huntington's, Parkinson's or no neurological condition were analyzed using sequencing technology that provides a data readout of the activity of all genes in the genome.

«For example, among individuals carrying the SNP sequence «TGT» at all three locations on both copies of the gene, 62 percent were blue - eyed,» says Sturm's colleague David Duffy.

In this standard view, the genetic differences between any two individuals are due to slight differences in the sequence of their genes that mean that the genes «spell out» slightly different proteins.

Using a technique known as single - cell RNA sequencing, the team explored more than 65,000 individual cells that exist under normal or inflammatory conditions, looking for genes that were more active in one state or subpopulation versus another.

To confirm and strengthen the findings, Zwick and his team are currently performing an independent study of individuals with Down syndrome, using whole genome sequencing to further delineate alterations in genes that perturb heart development in children.

When they sequenced the complete genomes of the Y. pestis DNA in those seven individuals, the team found that the bacterial genomes from the earliest samples lacked two genes that helped Y. pestis evade the immune systems of humans and fleas during the Black Death.

IN THE DECADE since researchers first sequenced the human genome, obvious links between the genes and individual diseases have been slow to appear [see «Revolution Postponed,» by Stephen S. Hall; Scientific American, October].

By characterising the DNA sequence of these individuals, the project gained insight into the contribution of rare variants to a broad range of disease scenarios, and discovered new genetic variants and genes underpinning disease risk.

Technologies such as RNA sequencing are revealing which genes are expressed in each individual cell.

Additionally, they sequenced 68 HLHS patient samples and found one individual with rare mutations in both SAP130 and PCDHA genes.

After the sorting, we performed whole genome amplification on individual aggregates then sequenced the 16S rRNA marker genes to identify cells comprising the aggregate.

Significant differences were also discovered between the centenarians and the two control groups when their genotype frequencies were compared, in other words, the proportion of individuals with a specific gene sequence.

GenProfile focuses on the systematic analysis of DNA sequence variation in biomedically relevant genes in order to identify those variants, or combinations of variants (gene profiles), that determine an individual's genetic risk for disease, predict individually different drug response, and ultimately pave the way to a personalized medicine.

To pin down the gene's origins, the researchers sequenced some 250 individuals, half from Africa, the rest from China, Central Asia, the Basque Country of southwestern Europe, and the Pacific Islands.

They used high - throughput gene sequencing to identify individual microbiomes in each of nearly 700 samples of must and wine, collected in 2011 from eight stages of the fermentation process.

Reference materials are critical to properly evaluate the next - generation of gene sequencing and genetic testing methods that will increase the reliability and effectiveness of precision medicine (also known as «personalized medicine»), in which a person's genetic profile is used to create treatments and therapies unique to that individual.

Future additions to the RM collection may include whole genomes from persons with Hispanic, African and mixed ancestries, as well as a set containing sequenced genes of both malignant tumor and normal cells from the same individual.

Traditional genetic methods, such as looking at family trees and sequencing individual genes, have linked defects in 80 genes on the X chromosome to XLMR, but the discovery rate has slowed, suggesting that those techniques have reached their limit.

They then amplified and sequenced two nuclear and three mitochondrial genes from each tissue, amounting to nearly 5,000 base pairs of DNA, from over 120 individuals.

Soon after researchers began to sequence individual genomes 5 years ago, they realized that everyone's DNA seems to have major mutations that disable the protein for which the gene codes.

Therefore, to establish the relative frequency of neutralizing clones within the VHH repertoire, individual sequences were aligned to both the known neutralizing VHH sequences and their most likely germ line V gene sequences and the percentage identity to the neutralizing VHH plotted (Fig. 5C, D).

To generate whole - genome and individual gene nucleotide phylogeny trees, all 95 fully sequenced unique adenovirus genomes were first downloaded from GenBank.

The case highlights concerns that a network of individual gene patents could threaten the future of personalized medicine and whole - genome sequencing by blocking companies and clinicians from reporting a patient's genetic risk factors for different diseases.

In the case of Knut, the team screened gene sequences from plausible causative pathogens from tens of millions of individual DNA sequences.

Each point represents one individual donor and is averaged from 25 — 75 sequences, except for the primary response to anthrax from which only 10 VH genes could be cloned from single cells because of the highly limited response.

Other medical sequencing projects will use DNA sequencing to: discover new genes that are involved in common diseases; identify the genes responsible for dozens of relatively rare, single - gene (autosomal Mendelian) diseases; sequence all of the genes on the X chromosome from affected individuals to identify those involved in sex - linked diseases; and survey the range of variants in genes known to contribute to certain common diseases.

An individual's gene sequence is determined at conception, but the external environment and an individual's lifestyle can change the epigenetic sequence throughout a lifetime, continually altering how genes are expressed.

The y - axis shows the percentage of sequences within each subset with identical residues to each VHH at each individual CDR3 position (and the preceeding three V gene residues − 1, − 2, − 3 = CAT / CNA) indicated on the x-axis.

Sequencing improvements can also be applied to pre-natal genetic testing and personalized therapeutics — for example scanning your genes to improve treatment outcomes based on your individual mutations.

However, urine (as a reflection of the bladder microbiota) from healthy individuals does contain extensive numbers of bacteria, which are not routinely cultivated by clinical microbiology laboratories, but can be identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Nelson et al., 2010; Siddiqui et al., 2011; Wolfe et al., 2012).

Our guest published a historic paper less than one month ago (available here), describing the first comprehensive study of an individual, combining genomic (genome sequence), transcriptomic (genes turned on / off), proteomic (the total complement of proteins - or protein profiles), metabolomic (complete metabolic analysis), and autoantibody profiles.

In a high - profile examination of a sequenced genome (publicly available), the individual was homozygous for likely - pathogenic variants in two disease genes.

Remember that a gene is a set of instructions, spelled using the chemical «letters» A, C, G and T. Each gene has a different sequence of letters, and cells use zinc - containing proteins to help control individual genes based on their specific sequence of letters.

The exact composition of germline V gene sequences in an individual has been difficult to determine due to -LSB-...]

Professor Segal's research has two major directions 1) Gene regulation — using quantitative and computational models to understand how DNA sequence variation among human individuals generates phenotypic diversity 2) Microbiome and Nutrition — understanding how the microbial composition of individuals affect their physiology and health.

After looking at 9 million genetic variants in those who were asparagus anosmic, they linked this deficiency to 871 individual sequence variations they discovered in chromosome 1, on genes associated with our sense of smell.

First, the researchers analyze sequence data from an individual's tumor and identify four to 10 genes altered in the cells.

Epigenetics is the study of how genes can be switched on and off by factors in the environment or other external factors rather than an individual's DNA sequence.

deCODE has identified key variations in the sequence of the genome conferring increased risk of major public health challenges from cardiovascular disease to cancer, and employs its gene discovery engine to develop DNA - based tests to assess individual risk of common diseases; to license its tests and intellectual property to partners; and to provide comprehensive, leading - edge contract services to companies and research institutions around the globe.

Scott D. Collins, Ph.D., University of Maine, Orono $ 850,000 (2 years) «High - speed Nanopore Gene Sequencing» Skilled in silicon fabrication methods, this group will try to fabricate a nanopore with tiny electrodes and built - in circuits that will be used in experiments that attempt to measure differences in the electron tunneling of individual nucleotides in DNA molecules.

The exact composition of germline V gene sequences in an individual has been difficult to determine due to the highly repetitive nature of the genomic sequences encoding these segments, thus limiting our understanding of humoral immune responses.

In these studies, sequence data from several thousands of individuals is compared to find disease - associated genes where cases have a higher load of genetic variants that are likely to disturb gene function, compared to the controls.

Sequencing of the mouse genome coupled with the successful development of transgenic and knockout mouse lines allows researchers to investigate the roles that individual genes play within specific mechanisms of renal physiology under both normal and pathologic conditions (14).

At least 10 constructs of each individual HCC sample were sequenced and mutations appearing in more than five constructs were considered as somatic mutations of the p53 gene, not PCR - induced errors.

The resulting datasets of regulatory genomic sequence will provide a valuable resource in determining how non-coding DNA sequence variation may impact an individual's capacity to drive appropriate gene expression.